Intestinal Cell News Volume 3.31 | Aug 18 2017

TOP STORY

Global mRNA Polarization Regulates Translation Efficiency in the Intestinal Epithelium

The authors used single molecule transcript imaging and subcellular transcriptomics to uncover global apical-basal intracellular polarization of mRNA in the mouse intestinal epithelium. The localization of mRNAs did not generally overlap protein localization. Instead, ribosomes were more abundant on the apical sides, and apical transcripts were consequently more efficiently translated. [Science] Abstract | Press Release

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

INTESTINAL CANCERS & DISEASES

Secretory RAB GTPase 3C Modulates IL6-STAT3 Pathway to Promote Colon Cancer Metastasis and Is Associated with Poor Prognosis

Researchers revealed that RAB3C overexpression promotes tumor metastasis and is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer, through modulating the ability of cancer cells to release IL-6 through exocytosis and activate the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway. [Mol Cancer] Full Article

An Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Inducing Potential of Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Colon Cancer

Scientists showed that chronic exposure of colon cancer cells to granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which harbor its receptor, leads to occurrence of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, in time and dose-dependent manners. These GM-CSF-educated cancer cells exhibit enhanced ability of motility in vitro and in vivo. [Sci Rep] Full Article

CD155 Knockdown Promotes Apoptosis via AKT/Bcl-2/Bax in Colon Cancer Cells

Investigators found that CD155 was up-regulated in colorectal cancer tissues. CD155 knockdown via shRNA lentiviruses inhibited colon cancers cell migration and invasion, with a reduction in the expression of FAK, Src and MMP-2. CD155 down-regulation also suppressed colon cancer cell proliferation, accompanied by changing expressions of some molecules related to cell cycle. [J Cell Mol Med] Full Article

Inhibition of TRPM7 Suppresses Cell Proliferation of Colon Adenocarcinoma In Vitro and Induces Hypomagnesemia In Vivo without Affecting Azoxymethane-Induced Early Colon Cancer in Mice

Researchers found that transient receptor potential melastatin member 7 (TRPM7) drives colon cancer cell proliferation in human HT-29 and expresses in normal primary mouse colon epithelia. In vivo experiments in mice provided evidence that the specific TRPM7 inhibitor waixenicin A, given as a single bolus injection, induces transient hypomagnesemia and increases intestinal absorption of calcium. [Cell Commun Signal] Full Article

MicroRNA-184 Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis of Human Colon Cancer SW480 and HCT116 Cells by Downregulating C-MYC and BCL-2

The authors investigated the effects of miR-184 on the proliferation and apoptosis of human colon cancer cells through the regulation of C-MYC and BCL-2. The growth of colon cancer cells in the miR-184 mimic group was inhibited and exhibited an increase in apoptosis. [J Cell Biochem] Abstract

INTESTINAL STEM CELL & ORGANOID RESEARCH

Control of Intestinal Stem Cell Function and Proliferation by Mitochondrial Pyruvate Metabolism

Proliferative cells, including many cancer and stem cells, perform glycolysis robustly but limit fractional mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation. Investigators sought to understand the role this transition from glycolysis to pyruvate oxidation plays in stem cell maintenance and differentiation. [Nat Cell Biol] Abstract

Membrane-Free Culture and Real-Time Barrier Integrity Assessment of Perfused Intestinal Epithelium Tubes

In vitro models that better reflect in vivo epithelial barrier (patho-)physiology are urgently required to predict adverse drug effects. Researchers introduced extracellular matrix-supported intestinal tubules in perfused microfluidic devices, exhibiting tissue polarization and transporter expression. [Nat Commun] Full Article | Press Release

Deregulation of Transcription Factors Controlling Intestinal Epithelial Cell Differentiation; a Predisposing Factor for Reduced Enteroendocrine Cell Number in Morbidly Obese Individuals

Gastric and duodenal tissues were endoscopically collected from lean and morbidly obese subjects before, and three months after, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). In obese patients, the total number of enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and EECs containing gut hormones were significantly reduced in the stomach and duodenum, compared to lean, and returned to normality post-LSG. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Extrinsic Control of Wnt Signaling in the Intestine

Elucidating the extent and mechanisms of paracrine Wnt signaling in the intestine has the potential to broaden the understanding of epithelial homeostasis, and may be of particular relevance for disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases and colitis-associated cancers. [Differentiation] Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field.

SillaJen Announces Collaboration with the National Cancer Institute for Development of Combination Therapy with SillaJen’s Pexastimogene Devacirepvec (Pexa-Vec) Oncolytic Immunotherapy

SillaJen, Inc. announced that it has entered into a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with the National Cancer Institute for the development of a combination therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC). Under the CRADA, SillaJen will collaborate with Tim Greten, M.D., to evaluate the combination of SillaJen’s lead clinical candidate, Pexa-Vec, with anti-PDL1 and anti-CTLA4 antibodies in an early phase clinical trial in patients with advanced stage CRC. [SillaJen, Inc. (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

NIH Grant to Biomedical Scientist Will Advance Research on Inflammatory Bowel Disease

A biomedical scientist at the University of California, Riverside has received a $1.83 million grant to identify how the loss of a protective barrier in the intestine contributes to IBD. [University of California, Riverside] Press Release

Developing New Cancer Test Focus of Biology Researchers

A new test for diagnosing colorectal cancer is the goal for a University of Guelph researcher who will receive a new grant from the Canadian Cancer Society. Molecular and cellular biology professor Emma Allen-Vercoe will receive $439,750 over the next three years for her study intended to develop a new diagnostic test. [University of Guelph] Press Release

New Biomarker Trials to Detect Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers Earlier

University College London Hospitals Cancer Collaborative has launched two new biomarker trials with the aim of developing simple and affordable tests that can detect upper gastrointestinal cancers earlier to improve survival. [University College London Hospitals] Press Release

NSF Reiterates Policy on Teaching Good Research Habits despite Its Limitations

The National Science Foundation (NSF) in Arlington, Virginia, has decided to double down on its implementation of a congressionally mandated policy aimed at reducing research misconduct among NSF-funded scientists, despite a new report that notes problems with the agency’s approach. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

China’s Embrace of Embryo Selection Raises Thorny Questions

Fertility centers are making a massive push to increase preimplantation genetic diagnosis in a bid to eradicate certain diseases. [Nature News] Editorial

Budget Cuts Fuel Frustration among Japan’s Academics

Japan’s premier scientific research institution, RIKEN, turned 100 this year, and celebrated with a grand ceremony attended by the empress and emperor. But not everybody was in the mood to party. In the old days, RIKEN was known as a paradise for scientists because of its generous funding. No longer: as Japan cuts off funds in the face of continuing financial uncertainty, the cracks are starting to show. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW Cell Symposia: Metabolic Disease Therapies
October 15-17, 2017
San Diego, California, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Research Associate – Intestinal Fibroblast Subsets (University of Oxford)

NEW Postdoctoral Position – Epigenetic Dysregulation in Cancer Progression (University of Florida)

Research Associate – Colorectal Cancer (University College London)

Research Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Genetics, Epigenetics and Biomarkers (Baylor Research Institute)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Gut Microbiota and Colon Cancer (University of Toronto)

Postdoctoral Position – Inflammation and Cancer (Brigham & Women’s Hospital – Harvard Medical School)

Postdoctoral Position – Intestinal Organoids (Radboud University)

Postdoctoral Position – Intestinal Epithelial Cell Biology (University of Gothenburg)

Postdoctoral Position – Cancer Genomics and Precision Medicine (Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Cancer Epidemiology (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

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