Intestinal Cell News Volume 4.16 | May 4 2018

TOP STORY

Subepithelial Telocytes Are an Important Source of Wnts that Supports Intestinal Crypts

Investigators identified subepithelial telocytes as an important source of Wnt proteins, without which intestinal stem cells cannot proliferate and support epithelial renewal. [Nature] Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Fasting Activates Fatty Acid Oxidation to Enhance Intestinal Stem Cell Function during Homeostasis and Aging

Scientists showed that a 24 hour fast augments intestinal stem cell function in young and aged mice by inducing a fatty acid oxidation program and that pharmacological activation of this program mimics many effects of fasting. [Cell Stem Cell] Abstract | Press Release | Graphical Abstract

LncRNA PVT1 Promotes Angiogenesis via Activating the STAT3/VEGFA Axis in Gastric Cancer

Investigators demonstrated that lncRNA PVT1 was upregulated and significantly associated with high-microvessel density and poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Through gain- and loss-of PVT1 expression, they found PVT1 could obviously induce angiogenesis within tumors, in addition to promoting tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. [Oncogene] Abstract

DNA Methyltransferase 3A Isoform b Contributes to Repressing E-Cadherin through Cooperation of DNA Methylation and H3K27/H3K9 Methylation in EMT-Related Metastasis of Gastric Cancer

The authors showed that DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) isoform b, a member of the DNMT3A isoform family, is critical for directing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated metastasis in gastric cancer [Oncogene] Full Article

A Model of TH17-Associated Ileal Hyperplasia that Requires Both IL-17A and IFNγ to Generate Self-Tolerance and Prevent Colitis

Both IL-17A and IFNγ were protective, as their deficiency precluded ileal-reactive Treg accumulation and exacerbated colitic disease. IL-23R blockade prevented progression to colitis, whereas nTreg cell transfers prevented colitic disease, ileal crypt hyperplasia and ileal-reactive Treg accumulation. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

DUOX2-Mediated Production of Reactive Oxygen Species Induces Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in 5-Fluorouracil Resistant Human Colon Cancer Cells

Researchers showed that reactive oxygen species, produced by dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2), promote 5-fluorouracil (FU)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). They showed that 5-FU-resistant SNUC5 colon cancer cells undergo EMT by analyzing the expression of EMT markers such as N-cadherin, vimentin and E-cadherin. [Redox Biol] Full Article

PEP06 Polypeptide 30 Exerts Antitumor Effect in Colorectal Carcinoma via Inhibiting Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition

PEP06 had no effects on cell viability, but reduced migration and epithelial mesenchymal transition in SW620 and HCT116 cells. PEP06 significantly repressed the expression of miR‐146b‐5p in the two cell lines through binding to integrin α_vβ₃. [Br J Pharmacol] Abstract

Targeting the miR-665-3p-ATG4B-Autophagy Axis Relieves Inflammation and Apoptosis in Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion

Scientists found that autophagy flux is impaired during intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). A miRNA microarray analysis showed that miR-665-3p was highly expressed in the I/R group, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

KIF4A Facilitates Cell Proliferation via Induction of p21-Mediated Cell Cycle Progression and Promotes Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer

The authors found that kinesin family member 4A (KIF4A) was remarkably upregulated in primary colorectal carcinoma tissues and cell lines compared with paired non-cancerous tissues and normal colorectal epithelium. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Regulates Anti-Inflammatory Action through 67-kDa Laminin Receptor-Mediated Tollip Signaling Induction in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Treatment of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) did not affect the cytotoxicity in HT-29 cells. LPS treatment dose-dependently increased the pro-inflammatory cytokine, such as interleukin (IL)-8, whereas EGCG significantly reduced the LPS-stimulated IL-8 production. [Cell Physiol Biochem] Full Article

Cytoglobin Affects Tumorigenesis and the Expression of Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Genes under Chemically Induced Colitis in Mice

Researchers investigated the development of inflammation and tumors in a murine model of inflammation-induced colorectal cancer using a combined treatment of azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium. [Sci Rep] Full Article

The Intestinal Epithelium: Central Coordinator of Mucosal Immunity

The authors highlight recent findings regarding communication between microbes and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), as well as the immune mechanisms employed by distinct IEC subsets to promote homeostasis, emphasizing the central and active role that these cells play in host enteric defense. [Trends Immunol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field.

Index Pharmaceuticals Develops Oral Formulation of Cobitolimod

InDex Pharmaceuticals Holding AB announced that it has developed a novel formulation of its lead drug candidate cobitolimod for oral administration, with targeted delivery to the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract. [InDex Pharmaceuticals Holding AB] Press Release

Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany to Develop Abituzumab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer with SFJ Pharmaceuticals Group

Merck KGaA announced a development agreement for investigational molecule abituzumab with SFJ Pharmaceuticals Group. [Merck KGaA] Press Release

Celyad Successfully Administers CYAD-01 in First Patients in SHRINK and LINK Trials

Celyad announced the successful injection of the first patients in the SHRINK trial and the LINK trial, both targeting metastatic colorectal patients. [Celyad] Press Release

Get acquainted with Dr. Tamara Zietek and her use of organoids to study intestinal absorption. Read the Full Profile

Nature Announces New Editor-in-Chief

Nature has named Magdalena Skipper as its new editor-in-chief. She is the first woman to hold the post. Skipper, who is currently editor-in-chief of the open-access journal Nature Communications, will become the eighth editor of Nature. [Nature News] Editorial

Big UK Science Funder Says Report Harassment or Risk Losing Funding

One of the world’s largest research-funding charities is cracking down on harassment and bullying. Scientists who have been sanctioned by their institutions could lose out on funding from the Wellcome Trust, under rules announced. [Nature News] Editorial

Nature Journals Formalize Ethical Standards for Human Embryo and Stem-Cell Research

Nature journals encourage stem-cell scientists to embrace guidelines agreed in 2016 by the International Society for Stem Cell Research as they design, execute and report their research. [Nature News] Editorial

Accused Cancer Scientist Resigns as Editor of Prestigious Journal

Inder Verma, the prominent cancer scientist and geneticist who has been accused of sexual harassment by several women, resigned yesterday as editor-in-chief of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, a prestigious academic journal. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW MDI Biological Laboratory: Origins and Frontiers in Hepatobiliary and Gastrointestinal Physiology 2018
September 8-15, 2018
Bar Harbor, Maine, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Research Technologist – Stem Cell Biology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

NEW Postdoctoral Fellowship – Inflammatory Bowel Disease (European Molecular Biology Laboratory)

NEW Postdoctoral Position – Technology-Driven Research in Biomedicine (CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine)

NEW Academic Position – Cancer Research (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center)

NEW Tenure-Track Faculty Position – Cancer Research (University of Ottawa)

PhD Student – Endocrine Cells in the Gut (Helmholtz Zentrum München)

Postdoctoral Studies – Autoimmune Diseases (Karolinska Institutet)

Postdoctoral Scholar – Colorectal Cancer (Medical University of South Carolina)

Postdoctoral Training Fellow – Intestinal Research (The Francis Crick Institute)

Postdoctoral Position – Digestive Health (University of California, Irvine)

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