Intestinal Cell News Volume 4.37 | Sep 28 2018

TOP STORY

Structural Remodeling of the Human Colonic Mesenchyme in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Researchers identified a niche population located in proximity to epithelial crypts expressing SOX6, F3, and WNT genes essential for colonic epithelial stem cell function. [Cell] Full Article | Press Release | Graphical Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Stromal Cell PD-L1 Inhibits CD8⁺ T-Cell Antitumor Immune Responses and Promotes Colon Cancer

Using a syngeneic, immunogenic model of colorectal cancer, scientists showed that TNFα-initiated inflammatory signaling in CT26 colorectal cancer cells selectively induced PD-L1 expression in stromal cells. [Cancer Immunol Res] Abstract

FOXF1 Promotes Angiogenesis and Accelerates Bevacizumab Resistance in Colorectal Cancer by Transcriptionally Activating VEGFA

Upregulation of forkhead box F1 (FOXF1) enhanced bevacizumab resistance in colorectal cancer, and inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor A1 (VEGFA) attenuated angiogenesis and bevacizumab resistance in FOXF1-overexpressing CRC cells. [Cancer Lett] Abstract

Tankyrases Maintain Homeostasis of Intestinal Epithelium by Preventing Cell Death

Using Villin-creERT2;Tnks1^-/-;Tnks2^fl/fl (DKO) mice, the authors observed that loss of tankyrases caused a rapid decrease of Lgr5⁺ intestinal stem cells and magnified apoptosis in small intestinal crypts, leading to intestine degeneration and increased mouse mortality. [PLoS Genet] Full Article

RARβ Acts as both an Upstream Regulator and Downstream Effector of miR-22, which Epigenetically Regulates NUR77 to Induce Apoptosis of Colon Cancer Cells

Histone deacetylase inhibitors and retinoic acid (RA)-induced miR-22 resulted in simultaneous induction of cytoplasmic RA receptor β (RARβ) and nerve growth factor IB (NUR77), leading to apoptosis of colon cancer cells. [FASEB J] Abstract

The Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Disease Causing Gene KRIT1 Participates in Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Maintenance and Regulation

Krev interaction trapped protein 1 (KRIT1) was expressed in both small intestinal and colonic epithelium, and KRIT1 knockdown in differentiated Caco-2 intestinal epithelium decreased epithelial barrier function and increased cation selectivity. [FASEB J] Abstract

HMGB1 Promotes ERK-Mediated Mitochondrial Drp1 Phosphorylation for Chemoresistance through RAGE in Colorectal Cancer

Investigators found that the release of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in conditioned medium from dying cells by chemotherapeutic drugs and resistant cells, which triggered Drp1 phosphorylation via its receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE). [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

POFUT1 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Development through the Activation of Notch1 Signaling

Scientists analyzed the expression of protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) in colorectal cancer (CRC) from cosmic and TCGA databases and confirmed that POFUT1 is highly expressed in CRC. They used well characterized CRC cell lines, including SW620 and HCT116 to establish a model POFUT1 knockdown cell line. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Baicalin, the Major Component of Traditional Chinese Medicine Scutellaria baicalensis Induces Colon Cancer Cell Apoptosis through Inhibition of OncomiRNAs

Researchers confirmed that baicalin can effectively induce and enhance apoptosis in HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner and suppress tumor growth in xenografted nude mice. [Sci Rep] Full Article

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Studying Cellular Heterogeneity and Drug Sensitivity in Colorectal Cancer Using Organoid Technology

The authors evaluate primary patient derived-tumor organoid technology as a new tool for colorectal cancer research and treatment. [Curr Opin Genet Dev] Abstract

Cellular Interactions in the Intestinal Stem Cell Niche

Scientists discuss the role of intestinal myofibroblasts, α-smooth muscle actin-positive stromal cells, as an important regulatory part of the intestinal stem cell niche. [Arch Immunol Ther Exp] Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field.

Arena Pharmaceuticals Reports Positive Phase IIa Results for Olorinab in Patients with Abdominal Pain Associated with Crohn’s Disease

Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced positive topline results from its Phase IIa trial of olorinab, an investigational, peripherally restricted, highly selective, full agonist of the cannabinoid receptor 2 in development for the treatment of gastrointestinal pain. [Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc.] Press Release

Atlantic Healthcare Reports Results from Phase I Trial of Tablet for Crohn’s

Atlantic Healthcare plc announced that its Phase I trial of an oral alicaforsen tablet for Crohn’s disease found that the formulation appears to be safe and well-tolerated. [Atlantic Healthcare plc] Press Release

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What the Nobels Are — and Aren’t — Doing to Encourage Diversity

If a woman wins the Nobel Prize in Physics next week, she will be the first to do so in more than 50 years. Over the same period, just one woman has won in chemistry. [Nature News] Editorial

Finland Joins Europe’s Bold Open-Access Push

Finland’s national research funder has signed up to Plan S — a push by a group of European organizations to make a radical change to the way that research results are published. The Academy of Finland is the first organization to sign up since Plan S was launched by 11 funders earlier this month. [Nature News] Editorial

Argentina’s Economic Crisis Could Trigger Scientific ‘Collapse,’ Researchers Warn

Argentine scientists are deeply worried about the effects of the country’s economic crisis on science. The government has proposed cutting research budgets in 2019 as part of an austerity push and it is behind in its financial commitments to institutes for this year, which means many labs lack the funds to pay for day-to-day operations. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

France Seeks Slim Rise to Research Budget Amid Spending Cuts

The French government has called for a modest increase to its higher education and research budget for 2019 as it strives to rein in public spending amid a sluggish economic growth forecast. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW 9^th European Multidisciplinary Colorectal Cancer Congress
March 9-11, 2019
Lisbon, Portugal

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Position – Cancer Metabolism (IDIBELL)

Postdoctoral Position – Molecular Biology/Signal Transduction/Cancer/Inflammation (Université de Liege)

Group Leader – Organoid Modeling of Disease (European Molecular Biology Laboratory)

Postdoctoral Position – Colon Cancer Research (Vanderbilt University Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Research Scientist – Gastrointestinal Disorder Research (Quadram Institute Bioscience)

PhD Student – Colorectal Cancer (German Cancer Research Center)

Postdoctoral Scholar – Intestinal Research (Penn State College of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Position – Host-Microbiome Interactions in the Gastrointestinal Tract (University of Gothenburg)

Postdoctoral Associate – Functional Genomics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Center for Computational and Integrative Biology)

Postdoctoral Position – Paneth Cells (Erasmus MC Cancer Institute)

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