Intestinal Cell News Volume 4.40 | Oct 19 2018

TOP STORY

CXCR7/CXCR4 Heterodimer-Induced Histone Demethylation: A New Mechanism of Colorectal Tumorigenesis

The chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7)/CXCR4 heterodimer induced nuclear βarr1 recruitment and histone demethylase JMJD2A, leading to histone demethylation and resulting in transcription of inflammatory factors and oncogenes. [Oncogene] Abstract

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Loss of RNF40 Decreases NF-κB Activity in Colorectal Cancer Cells and Reduces Colitis Burden in Mice

Scientists revealed that the tumorigenic phenotype of colorectal cancer cells decreased after RING finger protein-40 (RNF40) depletion and displayed gene expression changes related to chromosome segregation and DNA replication, as well as decreased induction of several NF-κB-associated cytokines. [J Crohns Colitis] Abstract

Epigenetically Regulated miR-1247 Functions as a Novel Tumor Suppressor via MYCBP2 in Methylator Colon Cancers

Overexpression of miR-1247 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, decreased tumor cell motility, induced apoptosis, and mitigated tumor formation capacity both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistic investigations revealed that MYCBP2, a member of the c-myc oncogene family, was a direct functional target of miR-1247. [Br J Cancer] Abstract

Porcine Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Nonstructural Protein 2 Contributes to Inflammation via NF-κB Activation

The authors showed that nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was activated in swine testicular cells and intestinal epithelial cell lines J2 cells infected with transmissible gastroenteritis virus, which was consistent with the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. [Virulence] Full Article

MicroRNA-495-3p Inhibits Multidrug Resistance by Modulating Autophagy through GRP78/mTOR Axis in Gastric Cancer

GRP78 was positively associated with the occurrence of autophagy. Reducing the expression of GRP78 by siRNA resulted in autophagy-suppressive activity similar to that of miR-495-3p on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its substrates activation and autophagy inhibition, while restoring GRP78 attenuated the anti-autophagy effects caused by miR-495-3p. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Lrig1 Marks a Population of Gastric Epithelial Cells Capable of Long-Term Tissue Maintenance and Growth In Vitro

Fate-mapping experiments using a knock-in mouse line expressing Cre specifically in Lrig1⁺ cells demonstrated that these cells were able to contribute to the long-term maintenance of the gastric epithelium. When cultured in vitro, cells expressing high level of Lrig1 had much higher organoid forming potential than the corresponding cellular populations expressing lower levels of Lrig1. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Stem Cell Enriched-Epithelial Spheroid Cultures for Rapidly Assaying Small Intestinal Radioprotectors and Radiosensitizers In Vitro

Researchers describe a novel spheroid formation assay that utilized small intestinal stem cell-enriched three-dimensional epithelial spheroid cultures to identify gastrointestinal radiomodulators ex vivo. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Sicilian Litchi Fruit Extracts Induce Autophagy versus Apoptosis Switch in Human Colon Cancer Cells

Litchi exocarp and endocarp triggered a precocious autophagic response, which was accompanied by an increase in the level of autophagy related 1/autophagy activating kinase 1, beclin-1, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3-II and p62 proteins. [Nutrients] Full Article

Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Inhibition Enhances Vemurafenib Sensitivity in Colon Cancers Harboring the BRAF^V600E Mutation

When vemurafenib was applied to two colon cancer cell lines with the BRAF^V600E mutation, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was continuously activated after six hours. Furthermore, BCL-2 was upregulated in RKO colon cancer cells, while STAT3 remained unchanged in HT-29 colon cancer cells. [J Cell Biochem] Abstract

Interplay between Endoplasmic Reticular Stress and Survivin in Colonic Epithelial Cells

Scientists demonstrated that endoplasmic reticular stress (ERS) inhibition not only significantly reduced unfolded protein response genes along with Survivin but also downregulated the inflammatory markers such as IL8, IL4, and IL6, which suggest a positive correlation between ERS and the inhibition of apoptosis. [Cells] Abstract | Full Article Download | Graphical Abstract

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Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Potency of MicroRNA 21 in the Pathogenesis of Colon Cancer, Current Status and Prospective

There is growing evidence that miR-21 expression is associated with clinical outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The authors summarize the potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic values of miR-21 in CRC progression for a better understanding and hence better management of this disease. [J Cell Physiol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field.

FDA Advisory Committee Recommends Approval of Shire’s Prucalopride (SHP555) for Chronic Idiopathic Constipation

Shire plc announced that the FDA Gastrointestinal Drugs Advisory Committee voted unanimously that the risk-benefit profile of prucalopride supports the approval of this New Drug Application. The FDA will take the advisory committee’s recommendation into consideration when the agency makes a final determination. [Shire] Press Release

First Patient Dosed in a Phase I/II Trial of Transgene’s Oncolytic Virus TG6002 Administered Intravenously in Patients with Advanced Gastrointestinal Tumors

Transgene announced that the first patient of a Phase I/II clinical trial evaluating TG6002 in patients with advanced gastrointestinal tumors, such as colon cancers, has been dosed at Centre Léon Bérard. [Transgene SA] Press Release

Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Receives $3M NIH Grant for Health Disparities Research

The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center has received a three-year, $3,194,947 grant from the National Cancer Institute to investigate colorectal and breast cancer health disparities. In their first project, researchers will use risk-assessment strategies to reveal genetic, lifestyle, and community factors associated with colorectal cancer across demographics. [Case Western Reserve University] Press Release

Dr. Tamara Zietek discusses the use of intestinal organoids as a model system for nutrient transport. Listen Now

‘Vast Majority’ of NIH Chimps to Be Moved to Retirement Sanctuary, Agency Says

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) plans to move the “vast majority” of its chimpanzees formerly used for research to a sanctuary in Louisiana, Director Francis Collins told STAT. The NIH released a slate of decisions laying out its plans for the hundreds of chimps that are still living in agency-supported research facilities. [STAT News] Editorial

‘We Are Headed for a Very Dark Period.’ Brazil’s Researchers Fear Election of Far-Right Presidential Candidate

Beset by economic woes and dissatisfied with the left-wing politicians in power for most of the past 15 years, Brazil appears poised to make a hard turn and elect a far-right candidate, Jair Bolsonaro, as its next president. His rapid ascent has unnerved local researchers, who worry about the future of Brazilian science, the protection of the country’s biodiversity, and its role in the global struggle against climate change. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW 15^th Annual Stem Cell Symposium: Stem Cells B2B – Bench to Bedside
February 1, 2019
Los Angeles, California, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Intestinal & Colonic Stem Cell Research (Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University)

PhD Studentship – Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinomas (University of Cambridge)

Research Associate – Gut Signaling and Metabolism (Imperial College London)

Postdoctoral & Research Associate Positions – Biology of Intestinal & Colon Stem Cells (Johns Hopkins University)

Postdoctoral Position – Dendritic Cell Biology & Antigen Presentation (Weill Cornell Medicine)

Assistant Professor – Basic & Translational Cancer Research (Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center)

Postdoctoral Position – Molecular Biology/Signal Transduction/Cancer/Inflammation (Université de Liege)

Group Leader – Organoid Modeling of Disease (European Molecular Biology Laboratory)

Postdoctoral Position – Colon Cancer Research (Vanderbilt University Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Position – Paneth Cells (Erasmus MC Cancer Institute)

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