Intestinal Cell News 4.42 November 2, 2018 | |
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TOP STORYT Helper Cell Cytokines Modulate Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal and Differentiation Scientists showed that MHC class II (MHCII)+ Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs) were non-conventional antigen-presenting cells in co-cultures with CD4+ T helper (Th) cells. Stimulation of intestinal organoids with key Th cytokines affected Lgr5+ ISC renewal and differentiation in opposing ways: pro-inflammatory signals promoted differentiation, while regulatory cells and cytokines reduced it. [Cell] Abstract | Press Release | Graphical Abstract | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)TMEM9 Promotes Intestinal Tumorigenesis through Vacuolar-ATPase-Activated Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Genetic ablation of transmembrane protein 9 (TMEM9) inhibited colorectal cancer cell proliferation in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo mouse models. Administration of vacuolar-ATPase inhibitors suppressed intestinal tumorigenesis of adenomatous polyposis coli mouse models and human patient-derived xenografts. [Nat Cell Biol] Abstract ARTS Mediates Apoptosis and Regeneration of the Intestinal Stem Cell Niche The authors report that the pro-apoptotic protein ARTS was highly expressed in cells comprising the intestinal stem cell niche and that its deletion protected Lgr5+ and paneth cells from undergoing apoptotic cell death. [Nat Commun] Full Article Researchers report that fibroblasts confered colorectal cancer (CRC) chemoresistance via exosome-induced reprogramming of bulk CRC cells to phenotypic and functional cancer stem cells. At the molecular level, they provided evidence that the major reprogramming regulators in fibroblast-exosomes are Wnts. [Oncogene] Full Article The authors generated mice expressing the Src homology‐2 domain‐containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP‐2) E76K activated form specifically in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). They showed that sustained Shp‐2 activation in IECs increased intestine and crypt length, correlating with increased cell proliferation and migration. [J Pathol] Abstract | Full Article Expression of Myc-associated zinc finger (MAZ) in intestinal epithelial cells was sufficient to enhance inflammatory injury in two complementary models of colitis. Moreover, MAZ expression increased tumorigenesis in an in vivo model of inflammation-induced colon cancer and was important for growth of human colon cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. [Mol Cell Biol] Abstract Potassium usnate exhibited potent anticancer effects on colorectal cancer cells and inhibited liver metastasis in an orthotopic murine colorectal cancer model. [Sci Rep] Full Article Scientists emphasize a dynamic perturbation of miRNA and protein expression in villus-crypt axis contributing to potential biological consequences of altering CD98 expression. [Sci Rep] Full Article Investigators identified biomarkers for diagnosing colon cancer (CC) through proteomic analysis of small-extracellular vesicles (EVs) from CC cell lines. These small-EVs were characterized by western blot analysis, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and transmission electron microscopy and analyzed using mass spectrometry. [BMC Cancer] Full Article Subscribe to one of our other 19 science newsletters such as Pulmonary Cell News & ESC & iPSC News. | |
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REVIEWSEmerging Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatments such as vedolizumab and ustekinumab, as well as second-generation corticosteroids have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Other agents are currently being developed at various stages of clinical trials including anti-adhesion agents such as etrolizumab and abrilumab, JAK inhibitors such as tofacitinib, and anti-trafficking molecules. Toll-like receptors and phosphatidylcholine are also new promising emerging targets that are being investigated in Phase III clinical trials. [Adv Ther] Full Article Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSImmusanT, Inc. initiated enrollment in Australia and New Zealand for its Phase II RESET CeD study assessing the safety, tolerability and efficacy of its lead therapeutic candidate, Nexvax2®, in patients with celiac disease who carry the immune recognition genes for HLA-DQ2.5. [ImmusanT, Inc.] Press Release NuCana Announces First Patients Enrolled in Phase Ib Study of NUC-3373 in Advanced Colorectal Cancer NuCana plc announced the first patients have been enrolled in the NuTide:302 Study. This study is evaluating NUC-3373 in combination with other agents typically administered with 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. [NuCana plc (GlobeNewswire, Inc.)] Press Release Taiho Oncology, Inc. announced that the FDA has accepted and granted priority review for the supplemental New Drug Application for LONSURF® as a treatment for patients with previously treated, advanced or metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma, including cancer of the gastroesophageal junction. [Taiho Oncology, Inc] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSScientist-Politicians Go Local: From Lab Bench to a Deep Bench In state and city races, out of the spotlight, researchers-turned-candidates try to build a base of science-friendly officeholders. [Nature News] Editorial NSF Suspends Program Allowing Graduate Fellows to Study Abroad The U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) has halted a program that each year allows hundreds of the nation’s best graduate students to work with experts in another country. And the agency isn’t saying why—or whether the program will resume. [ScienceInsider] Editorial Record Number of Monkeys Being Used in U.S. Research The number of monkeys used in U.S. biomedical research reached an all-time high last year, according to data released in late September by the United States Department of Agriculture. [ScienceInsider] Editorial Drug Companies Try to Catch the Rising Wave of RNAi Medicines Less than two months after the FDA approved the first-ever drug that uses a Nobel-winning technique to mute disease-causing genes, the pharmaceutical industry is already looking for a piece of the next one. [STAT News] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW Cell Symposia: Engineering Organoids and Organs Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESNEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Organoid Modeling of Bacterial Infections (Uppsala University) Associate Professor – Oncology (University of California, Davis) Postdoctoral Fellow – Patient Derived Organoids (Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey) PhD Studentship – Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinomas (University of Cambridge) Research Associate – Gut Signaling and Metabolism (Imperial College London) Postdoctoral Position – Dendritic Cell Biology & Antigen Presentation (Weill Cornell Medicine) Group Leader – Organoid Modeling of Disease (European Molecular Biology Laboratory) Postdoctoral Position – Paneth Cells (Erasmus MC Cancer Institute) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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