Intestinal Cell News Volume 4.49 | Dec 21 2018

TOP STORY

Commensals Suppress Intestinal Epithelial Cell Retinoic Acid Synthesis to Regulate Interleukin-22 Activity and Prevent Microbial Dysbiosis

Scientists found that commensal bacteria belonging to class Clostridia modulate retinoic acid concentration in the gut by suppressing the expression of retinol dehydrogenase 7 in intestinal epithelial cells. [Immunity] Abstract | Press Release

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

(Pro)renin Receptor Promotes Colorectal Cancer through the Wnt/Beta-Catenin Signaling Pathway despite Constitutive Pathway Component Mutations

(Pro)renin receptor ((P)RR) silencing was performed in human colorectal cancer cells containing constitutive activating mutations in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. (P)RR overexpression was induced in normal colon epithelial cells. Protein and mRNA levels of pathway components were detected, and Wnt signaling activity was measured using a β-catenin reporter. [Br J Cancer] Abstract

High Expressions of CUL4A and TP53 in Colorectal Cancer Predict Poor Survival

Knockdown of cullin 4A (CUL4A) by a short interfering RNA significantly suppressed the progression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. ZEB1 silencing blocked the CUL4A-driven processes. [Cell Physiol Biochem] Full Article

Expression of the Human Antimicrobial Peptide β-Defensin-1 Is Repressed by the EGFR-ERK-MYC Axis in Colonic Epithelial Cells

Scientists investigated the link between human β-defensin-1 expression and cancer signaling pathways in the human colon cancer cell lines TC7 and HT-29, and in normal human colonic primary cells, using a mini-gut organoid model. [Sci Rep] Full Article

CXCL2/CXCR2 Axis Induces Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics in CPT-11-Resistant LoVo Colon Cancer Cells via Gαi-2 and Gαq/11

Double immunofluorescence, western blot analysis, and colony-formation assay were carried out to compare parental and CPT-11-resistant LoVo cells. CPT-11-R LoVo colon cancer cells showed increased expression of CXC ligand (CXCL) 1, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL8. [J Cell Physiol] Abstract

Long Noncoding RNA PCAT6 Inhibits Colon Cancer Cell Apoptosis by Regulating Anti-Apoptotic Protein ARC Expression via EZH2

In vitro and in vivo experiments illustrated that prostate cancer-associated ncRNA transcript 6 (PCAT6) promoted cell growth and inhibited cell apoptosis in colon cancer. Mechanistically, PCAT6 enhanced the coenrichment of EZH2 and H3K4me3 at the apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) genomic region, promoting the transcriptional activity of ARC. [Cell Cycle] Abstract

PERK Is Essential for Proliferation of Intestinal Stem Cells in Mice

The number of leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5-positive cells, the proliferation and apoptotic indices, several biomarkers for proliferation and differentiation, and Akt expression in intestinal stem cells were detected in vivo, in vitro and in two intestinal epithelial injury models caused by radiotherapy and sepsis. [Exp Cell Res] Abstract

Inhibitory Effect of Synthetic Flavone Derivatives on Pan-Aurora Kinases: Induction of G2/M Cell-Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in HCT116 Human Colon Cancer Cells

To discover flavones showing growth inhibitory effects on cancer cells, 36 flavone derivatives were prepared, and their cytotoxicity was measured using a long-term clonogenic survival assay. Their half-maximal growth inhibitory effects against HCT116 human colon cancer cells were observed at the sub-micromolar level. [Int J Mol Sci] Full Article

Semaphoring 4D Is Required for the Induction of Antioxidant Stress and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Dihydromyricetin in Colon Cancer

Dihydromyricetin (DMY) inhibited the proliferation and growth of Colo-205 colon cancer cells significantly in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and heme oxygenase 1 were enhanced by DMY treatment in vitro, showing strong anti-oxidative stress effect. [Int Immunopharmacol] Abstract

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Intestinal Organoids: A New Paradigm for Engineering Intestinal Epithelium In Vitro

The authors outline the current approaches to develop intestinal organoids and describe the strategies used to induce complexity, multicellularity and modularity in organoid culture systems; this knowledge will contribute to improved biomimicry of the organoid culture system. [Biomaterials] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field.

Abivax’s Phase IIa Ulcerative Colitis Clinical Trial Data Selected for Oral Plenary Presentation

Abivax will be presenting a summary of the final data of its completed randomized, placebo-controlled Phase IIa induction trial, ABX464-101, as well as interim data from its ongoing 12-month open-label maintenance extension study, ABX464-102. [Press release from Abivax discussing research presented at 14^th Congress of the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization (ECCO) – Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2019, Copenhagen] Press Release

Learn the basics of culturing mouse intestinal organoids with an instructional video series. Watch the Video Now

FDA Approves Shire’s Motegrity^™ (Prucalopride), the Only Serotonin-4 Receptor Agonist for Adults with Chronic Idiopathic Constipation (CIC)

Shire plc announced that the FDA has approved Motegrity^™, a once-daily, oral treatment option for adults with CIC. Motegrity, a selective serotonin-4 receptor agonist, provides a different class of treatment for CIC that works by enhancing colonic peristalsis to increase bowel motility. [Shire plc] Press Release

Gritstone Oncology Announces FDA Fast Track Designation for GRANITE-001 for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer

Gritstone Oncology, Inc. announced that the FDA has granted Fast Track designation to GRANITE-001 for the treatment of colorectal cancer. GRANITE-001 is a personalized immunotherapy containing patient-specific neoantigens identified by Gritstone’s proprietary EDGETM artificial intelligence platform as the most relevant neoantigens to drive a tumor-specific T-cell attack. [Gritstone Oncology, Inc.] Press Release

First Patient Enrolled in Isofol’s Pivotal Phase III AGENT Study in 1^st Line Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Isofol Medical AB announced that the first patient has been enrolled in the pivotal Phase III AGENT clinical study evaluating arfolitixorin for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. AGENT is a randomized, controlled, multi-center study with blinded independent review of the tumor response. [Isofol Medical AB] Press Release

Innovate Biopharmaceuticals Plans to Commence the First Ever Phase III Registration Trial in Celiac Disease in 1H 2019 and Announce Top-Line NASH Data with Drug Combinations by EASL 2019

Christopher Prior, Ph.D., CEO of Innovate, stated, “We believe that during 2018 we have laid the foundation for an exciting 2019 by completing much of the preparatory work to launch our Phase III trial for celiac disease and to expand our pipeline in areas of liver disease.” [Innovate Biopharmaceuticals Inc.] Press Release

Janssen Submits Application to U.S. FDA Seeking Approval of STELARA^® (Ustekinumab) for Treatment of Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis

The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson announced the submission of a supplemental Biologics License Application to the FDA seeking approval of STELARA^® for the treatment of adults with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. [Janssen Global Services, LLC] Press Release

Emulate, Inc. Awarded Grant to Use Intestine-Chip to Study Human GI Infections aboard the International Space Station

Emulate, Inc. announced that it has received a research grant to use the company’s Intestine-Chip to conduct experiments that will provide insights into the function of the intestinal barrier and its response to bacterial invasion in microgravity. [Emulate, Inc.] Press Release

National Academy President Breaks Her Silence on Ejecting Sexual Harassers

It has been seven months since the presidents of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in Washington, D.C., announced they had “begun a dialogue” about the standards of professional conduct required for membership in their exclusive ranks. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Max Planck Society Ends Elsevier Subscription

The Max Planck Society, an enormous German research organization 14,000 scientists strong and comprising multiple research institutes, has ended its subscription to Elsevier journals, the organization announced in a statement. [The Scientist] Editorial

NEW European CanCer Organisation (ECCO) 2019: European Cancer Summit
September 12-14, 2019
Brussels, Belgium

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Intestinal Immune System (Washington University School of Medicine, St.Louis)

NEW Research Scientist – Intestinal Biology (Evotec AG)

NEW Associate Professor/Professor – Cancer Sciences (The University of Nottingham)

Research Fellow – Mucosal Immunology (University of Edinburgh)

Postdoctoral Associate – Colon Cancer (Baylor College of Medicine)

Faculty Position – Cancer Cell Signaling (The University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Position – Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Pesticide Exposure and Effects on Colorectal Cancer (Luxembourg Institute of Health)

Associate Professor – Oncology (University of California, Davis)

Postdoctoral Position – Paneth Cells (Erasmus MC Cancer Institute)

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