Intestinal Cell News Volume 5.02 | Jan 25 2019

TOP STORY

Anti-LRP5/6 VHHs Promote Differentiation of Wnt-Hypersensitive Intestinal Stem Cells

The authors employed CIS display technology to identify single-domain antibody fragments (VHH) that bind the LRP6 P3E3P4E4 region with nanomolar affinity and strongly inhibit Wnt3/3a-induced β-catenin-mediated transcription in cells, while leaving Wnt1 responses unaffected. [Nat Commun] Full Article

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Atoh1⁺ Secretory Progenitors Possess Renewal Capacity Independent of Lgr5⁺ Cells during Colonic Regeneration

Using keratin‐19 to mark a heterogeneous population of cells, scientists found that Lgr5‐negative cells can regenerate colonic crypts and give rise to Lgr5⁺ stem cells. [EMBO J] Abstract

BET Inhibitors Potentiate Chemotherapy and Killing of SPOP-Mutant Colon Cancer Cells via Induction of DR5

Researchers report that Death Receptor 5 (DR5), a key component of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, is markedly induced in response to BRD4 depletion and bromodomain and extra-terminal domain inhibitors treatment in colorectal cancer cells. [Cancer Res] Abstract

HDAC Inhibitors Promote Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration via Autocrine TGFβ1 Signaling in Inflammation

In human and murine colonic epithelial cell lines, the presence of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors Givinostat and Vorinostat not only improved transepithelial electrical resistance under inflammatory conditions but also attenuated the passage of macromolecules across the epithelial monolayer. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

Cnnm4 Deficiency Suppresses Ca²⁺ Signaling and Promotes Cell Proliferation in the Colon Epithelia

Investigators showed that Cnnm4 deficiency promotes cell proliferation and partly suppresses cell differentiation in the colon epithelia, making them vulnerable to cancer development. [Oncogene] Abstract

Epigenetic Regulation of the Human ATP2A3 Gene Promoter in Gastric and Colon Cancer Cell Lines

The authors report that butyrate, trichostatin A and 5‐azacytidine treatments increase SERCA3 expression, increased apoptosis and decreased cell viability of the KATO‐III gastric carcinoma cell line. [Mol Carcinog] Abstract

Huaier n-Butanol Extract Suppresses Proliferation and Metastasis of Gastric Cancer via c-Myc-Bmi1 Axis

Scientists investigated the anti-cancer effect of Huaier n-butanol extract, which contained 51.4% total flavonoids, on HGC27, MGC803, and AGS human GC cell lines in vitro. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Identification of the Novel Role of Butyrate as AhR Ligand in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Researchers showed that aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand antagonists reduced the effects of butyrate on intestinal epithelial cells suggesting that butyrate could act as a ligand of AhR, which was supported by the nuclear translocation of AhR induced by butyrate and in silico structural modeling. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Evaluating S. flexneri Pathogenesis in the Human Enteroid Model

Investigators showed that Shigella flexneri is capable of infecting and replicating intracellularly in human enteroids derived from different segments of the intestine. [Infect Immun] Abstract

KRAS-Mutant Colon Cancer Cells Respond to Combined Treatment of ABT263 and Axitinib

An ABT263 and axitinib combination imposed synergistic effects on RAS-mutant colon cancer cells. The combination inhibited the in vitro and in vivo growth of the cancer cells by enhancing apoptosis. [Biosci Rep] Abstract

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Crossing the Intestinal Barrier via Listeria Adhesion Protein and Internalin A

The authors summarize the strategies that L. monocytogenes employs to circumvent the intestinal epithelial barrier and compare and contrast these strategies with other enteric bacterial pathogens. [Trends Microbiol] Abstract

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STEMCELL Technologies Launches mTeSR™ Plus, a Next-Generation Culture System for Human ES and iPS Cell Maintenance

STEMCELL Technologies has released mTeSR™ Plus, an enhanced version of mTeSR™1, the most widely published feeder-free human pluripotent stem cell maintenance medium. The new medium has undergone successful beta testing with several members of the Stem Cell COREdinates group and has completed rigorous in-house validation testing. [STEMCELL Technologies, Inc.] Press Release

Innovation Pharmaceuticals Announces Clinical Development Plans for Oral Brilacidin for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Innovation Pharmaceuticals announced plans to initiate in 2019 a clinical trial of Brilacidin, its novel defensin-mimetic drug candidate, as an oral dosage form. [Innovation Pharmaceuticals] Press Release

National Nonprofit the Colorectal Cancer Alliance Provides Funding to Help Fill Urgent Colon and Rectal Cancer Research Needs

Colorectal Cancer Alliance is providing a total of $625,000 in grants to four researchers, including one advancing personalized treatment options for rectal cancer patients and three seeking to understand the root cause of rising colorectal cancer rates in patients under age 50. [Colorectal Cancer Alliance] Press Release

US FDA Approves ONTRUZANT^® (Trastuzumab-dttb), Samsung Bioepis’ First Oncology Medicine in the United States

Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd. announced that the FDA has approved ONTRUZANT^®, a biosimilar referencing HERCEPTIN^®, across all eligible indications, namely adjuvant treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer, metastatic breast cancer and metastatic gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma in patients who have not received prior treatment for metastatic disease. [Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd.] Press Release

Dr. Tamara Zietek discusses the use of intestinal organoids as a model system for nutrient transport. Listen Now

Scientists Relieved but Wary as US Shutdown Nears End

The US government is poised to re-open after a historic 34-day shutdown that has paralyzed the National Science Foundation, NASA and other key science agencies. [Nature News] Editorial

Brazil’s New President Has Scientists Worried. Here’s Why

Brazil has long been a frontrunner in climate change policy and environmental diplomacy. The international conventions on climate change and biological diversity, for example, were born during the historic United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, and Brazil played a key role in crafting and implementing both agreements. That legacy is now at risk. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Number of EU Research Students in Britain Drops from Pre-Referendum High

The number of postgraduate researchers at UK universities who come from other European Union (EU) countries has fallen since the Brexit referendum in June 2016. [Nature News] Editorial

CRISPR-Baby Scientist Fired by University

The scientist who announced last year that he had produced the world’s first gene-edited babies has been fired by his university. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW Cell Symposia: Hallmarks of Cancer
November 17-19, 2019
Seattle, Washington, United States

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NEW PhD Student – Biopharmaceutical Drug Delivery (Technical University of Denmark)

Research Assistant – Stem Cell Biology of the Intestine (Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute)

Postdoctoral Position – Colon Cancer (Vanderbilt University)

Postdoctoral Research Opportunities – Cancer Center Program (Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Intetinal Stem Cell & Cancer (Francis Crick Institute)

Postdoctoral Position – Colon Cancer (German Cancer Research Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Intestinal Immune System (Washington University School of Medicine, St.Louis)

Research Scientist – Intestinal Biology (Evotec AG)

Postdoctoral Position – Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center)

Associate Professor – Oncology (University of California, Davis)

Postdoctoral Position – Paneth Cells (Erasmus MC Cancer Institute)

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