Intestinal Cell News Volume 5.36 | Sep 27 2019

TOP STORY

PRDM16 Maintains Homeostasis of the Intestinal Epithelium by Controlling Region-Specific Metabolism

Investigators defined the transcription factor PRDM16 as a region-specific regulator of intestinal metabolism and epithelial renewal. PRDM16 was selectively expressed in the upper intestine, with enrichment in crypt-resident progenitor cells. [Cell Stem Cell] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

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TFF3 Interacts with LINGO2 to Regulate EGFR Activation for Protection against Colitis and Gastrointestinal Helminths

Researchers showed that leucine rich repeat receptor and nogo-interacting protein 2 (LINGO2) was essential for trefoil factor 3 (TFF3)-mediated functions. LINGO2 immunoprecipitated with TFF3, co-localized with TFF3 on the cell membrane of intestinal epithelial cells, and allowed TFF3 to block apoptosis. [Nat Commun] Full Article

R-Spondin 3 Promotes Stem Cell Recovery and Epithelial Regeneration in the Colon

The authors identified two populations of cells with active Wnt signaling: highly proliferative Lgr5⁺/Axin²⁺ cells, as well as secretory Lgr5⁻/Axin²⁺ cells. Upon Lgr5⁺ cell depletion, these cells were recruited to contribute to crypt regeneration. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Long-Term Flow through Human Intestinal Organoids with the Gut Organoid Flow Chip (GOFlowChip)

Scientists present a millifluidic device called the GOFlowChip, which they used to “port” human intestinal organoids and establish steady-state liquid flow through the lumen for multiple days. This long-term flow was enabled by the use of laser-cut silicone gaskets, which allowed liquid in the device to be slightly pressurized, suppressing bubble formation. [Lab Chip] Full Article

Long Non-Coding RNA SNHG3 Promotes Progression of Gastric Cancer by Regulating Neighboring MED18 Gene Methylation

Data suggested that high SNHG3 associated with unfavorable prognosis in respect to overall and metastasis-free survival. SNHG3-deficiency significantly suppressed cell proliferation and cell viability in vitro and xenograft progression in vivo. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

UTS2B Defines a Novel Enteroendocrine Cell Population and Regulates GLP-1 Secretion through SSTR5 in Male Mice

Researchers identified a novel enteroendocrine cell type expressing the peptide hormone urotensin 2B (UTS2B) inhibited glucagon like peptide-1 secretion in mouse intestinal crypts and organoids, not by signaling through its cognate receptor UTS2R but through the activation of the somatostatin receptor 5. [Endocrinology] Abstract

Concurrent Targeting of BMI1 and CDK4/6 Abrogates Tumor Growth In Vitro and In Vivo

Transcriptome and pathway analyses revealed inhibition of insulin signaling, focal adhesion, DNA damage response, and Wnt/pluripotency signaling pathways as well as cell proliferation, and cellular movement functional categories by PTC-209. Transcriptome and pathway analyses revealed palbociclib to mainly affect cell cycle progression and survival. [Sci Rep] Full Article

DC-SIGN Expression in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Regulates Sepsis-Associated Acute Intestinal Injury via Activating ERK1/2-NF-κB/P65 Signaling

To induce sepsis condition, male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to cecal ligation and puncture in vivo, whereas a normal human intestinal epithelial cell line was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in vitro. DC-SIGN siRNA pretreatment was used to knock down DC-SIGN expression both in vivo and in vitro. [Shock] Full Article

MACC1 Regulates PDL1 Expression and Tumor Immunity through the c-Met/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Gastric Cancer Cells

The expression of metastasis associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1), c-Met, and PDL1 in human gastric cancer tissues was first assessed using quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. They then focused on the relationships among MACC1, c-Met, and PDL1 using RT‐PCR and western blotting after cell transfection and inhibitor treatment in vitro and on the identification of their roles in immune killing in vitro and in vivo. [Cancer Med] Full Article

Fumonisin B₁ Damages the Barrier Functions of Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro

Investigators explored the effect of Fum B₁ (FB₁) on barrier functions of porcine intestinal epithelial cells, IPEC-J2, to clarify the intestinal toxicity of fumonisins in pigs. They showed that the persistent treatment of FB₁ significantly decreased the viability of IPEC-J2. [J Biochem Mol Toxicol] Abstract

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Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications

Sequencing studies have revealed microbial compositional and ecological changes in patients with colorectal cancer, whereas functional studies in animal models have pinpointed the roles of several bacteria in colorectal carcinogenesis, including Fusobacterium nucleatum and certain strains of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis. [Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol] Abstract

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Treos Bio Reports Updated Positive Results from a Phase I/II Clinical Trial of Precision Cancer Vaccine plus Maintenance Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Treos Bio Limited reported updated positive results on the second part of its Phase I/II study with the PolyPEPI1018 cancer vaccine as an add-on to maintenance therapy in patients with microsatellite-stable metastatic colorectal cancer. [Treos Bio Limited] Press Release

$10.56M Grant Boosts Cancer Research at Christiana Care

Christiana Care’s Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute earned a $10.56 million six-year grant from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to continue its participation in the NCI’s Community Oncology Research Program. The Christiana Care NCORP includes affiliate programs at Beebe Healthcare and Nanticoke Health Services in Southern Delaware. [Christiana Care’s Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute (The Dover Post)] Press Release

NIH Reveals Its Formula for Tracking Foreign Influences

The US National Institutes of Health (NIH) thinks it may have figured out how China’s foreign talents recruitment program is undermining its system for making awards and ensuring ethical behavior by its grantees. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Situation Improves Slightly for U Alaska, Major Changes Ahead

Funding cuts provoke concerns about job losses, canceled research programs, and closed departments. [The Scientist] Editorial

Science in India’s Kashmir Valley in Jeopardy

The country’s government has imposed a communication blackout on Jammu and Kashmir, the northernmost region in India, effectively cutting off scientists and students from the rest of the world. [The Scientist] Editorial

NEW 13^th European Colorectal Congress of St. Gallen
December 1-5, 2019
St. Gallen, Switzerland

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NEW Postdoctoral Researcher – IBS (Quadram Institute Bioscience)

Research Technologist – Intestinal Stem Cell Biology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Systems Biology of Cancer (Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Intestinal Graft-versus-Host-Disease (Medical College of Wisconsin)

Senior Researcher – Inflammatory Diseases (Genentech, Inc.)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Microbiome in IBD (GIGA-Medical Genomics Unit)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Quantifying Intra-tumour Heteregeneity with Multi-Omics Data (The Institute of Cancer Research)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Designer Probiotics (Massacheusetts General Hospital)

Principal Researcher – Systems Disease Biology (Boehringer Ingelheim)

Research Lab Specialist – Tumor Microenvironment & Cell Behavior (University of Southern California)

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