Intestinal Cell News Volume 5.41 | Nov 1 2019

TOP STORY

Epithelial CD47 Is Critical for Mucosal Repair in the Murine Intestine In Vivo

Investigators showed that normal mice treated with anti-CD47 antibodies, and Cd47-null mice had impaired intestinal mucosal wound healing. Intestinal epithelial cell-specific loss of CD47 did not induce spontaneous immune-mediated intestinal barrier disruption but resulted in defective mucosal repair after biopsy-induced colonic wounding or dextran sulfate sodium-induced mucosal damage. [Nat Commun] Full Article

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Lypd8 Inhibits Attachment of Pathogenic Bacteria to Colonic Epithelia

Scientists demonstrated that Ly6/Plaur domain-containing 8 (Lypd8) strongly contributed to early-phase defense against Citrobacter rodentium, which caused colitis by inducing attachment and effacement lesions on colonic epithelia. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

Tumor Cells Hijack Enteric Glia to Activate Colon Cancer Stem Cells and Stimulate Tumorigenesis

Enteric glial cells (EGCs) stimulated colon cancer stem cell (CSC) expansion and ability to give rise to tumors via paracrine signaling. Importantly, only EGCs that were pre-activated by tumor epithelial cell-derived soluble factors increased CSC tumorigenicity. [EBioMedicine] Abstract

Astrovirus Replication in Human Intestinal Enteroids Reveals Multi-Cellular Tropism and an Intricate Host Innate Immune Landscape

Scientists demonstrated infection of human astrovirus (HAstV) strains belonging to all three clades in epithelium-only human intestinal enteroids (HIE) isolated from biopsy-derived intestinal crypts. A detailed investigation of infection of VA1, a member of the non-canonical HAstV-VA/HMO clade, showed robust replication in HIE derived from different patients and from different intestinal regions independent of the cellular differentiation status. [PLOS Pathog] Full Article

Truncated PPM1DT Impairs Stem Cell Response to Genotoxic Stress and Promotes Growth of Apc-Deficient Tumors in the Mouse Colon

Researchers found that p53 pathway was suppressed in colon stem cells harboring PPM1DT resulting in proliferation advantage under genotoxic stress condition. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Intestinal Epithelial Deletion of the Glucocorticoid Receptor NR3C1 Alters Expression of Inflammatory Mediators and Barrier Function

Nr3c1 deletion in epithelial cells of the small intestine and colon was associated with limited colonic inflammation at one week postdeletion, involving augmented epithelial proliferation and mucus production, plus local and systemic immune/inflammatory changes. [FASEB J] Abstract

Gadd45β Promotes Regeneration after Injury through TGFβ-Dependent Restitution in Experimental Colitis

Researchers evaluated the role of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 beta (Gadd45β) in inflammatory bowel disease. Gadd45β-KO mice exhibited drastically greater susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and mortality than C57BL/6J mice. [Exp Mol Med] Full Article

Uremic Serum Residue Decreases SN-38 Sensitivity through Suppression of Organic Anion Transporter Polypeptide 2b1 in LS-180 Colon Cancer Cells

Scientists clarified the variations in sensitivity of SN-38 to cancer patients with end-stage kidney disease and investigated this mechanism, by human colon cancer cells exposed to uremic serum residue. [Sci Rep] Full Article

PFKFB3 Inhibition Attenuates Oxaliplatin-Induced Autophagy and Enhances Its Cytotoxicity in Colon Cancer Cells

The authors showed that oxaliplatin-inhibited cell proliferation and migration concomitant with the induction of apoptosis and autophagy in SW480 cells. [Int J Mol Sci] Full Article

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Serrated Colorectal Cancer: The Road Less Traveled?

Scientists review recent evidence on how serrated carcinogenesis contributes to the subtype of colorectal cancer with the poorest prognosis. [Trends Cancer] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field.

MacroGenics Announces Initiation of Phase II/III MAHOGANY Study of Margetuximab in Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer

MacroGenics, Inc. announced that the first patient has been dosed in the Phase II/III MAHOGANY clinical trial of margetuximab, an investigational, Fc-optimized monoclonal antibody targeting HER2, in combination with a checkpoint inhibitor, with or without chemotherapy, as a potential first-line treatment for patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction cancer. [MacroGenics, Inc.] Press Release

New Grant Aims to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening, Follow-Up Care in Appalachia

Cancer-control researchers at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute and the University of Kentucky aim to increase colorectal cancer screening and follow-up care among underserved individuals in Appalachia through a multi-institutional $5.7 million grant from the National Cancer Institute. [The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center] Press Release

Swiss Authorities Probe Boehringer Ingelheim and Other Companies for Antitrust Practices

A Swiss government agency that last month opened an antitrust investigation into several drug makers and distributors has now disclosed the names of nearly a dozen companies that may have fixed the market for an ingredient used to make a treatment for stomach pain. [STAT News] Editorial

Increase in Academics Leaving the UK Since Brexit Vote

After the 2016 Brexit referendum, in which voters decided to have the UK leave the European Union (EU), the number of academics from EU countries leaving the United Kingdom for other university jobs increased by almost half, according to Times Higher Education. [The Scientist] Editorial

NEW Linking Cells, the Cytoskeleton and the Nucleus in Mechanobiology, Aging and Disease
June 7-12, 2020
West Dover, Vermont, United States

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NEW Postodoctoral Fellow – Neonatal Microbiota on Immune Imprinting (Pasteur Institute)

PhD Student – Gut Microbiota on Intestinal Inflammation (Flanders Institute for Biotechnology)

Research Fellow – Intestinal In Vivo/In Vitro Correlations (AbbVie)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Gut Microbiome & IBD (Case Western Reserve University)

Postdcotoral Scientist – iPSC Models of Intestinal Fibrosis (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Toxic Injury Research (The University of Cambridge)

Assistant Professors – Microbiome Research (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

Senior Scientist – Immunology and Gastroenterology (Johnson & Johnson)

Research Scientist – In Vivo Research on Wnt Signaling in Self-Renewel (Surrozen)

Principal Researcher – Systems Disease Biology (Boehringer Ingelheim)

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