Intestinal Cell News 6.00 January 10, 2020 | |
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TOP STORYGeneration of Mesenchyme Free Intestinal Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a CDX2eGFP induced pluripotent stem cell knock-in reporter line to track the emergence of hindgut progenitors, the authors followed the kinetics of CDX2 expression throughout directed differentiation, enabling the purification of intestinal progenitors and robust generation of mesenchyme-free organoids expressing characteristic markers of small intestinal or colonic epithelium. [Nat Commun] Full Article | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)Gut Stem Cell Aging Is Driven by mTORC1 via a p38 MAPK-p53 Pathway Researchers showed that aging-caused intestinal villus structural and functional decline was regulated by mTORC1, a sensor of nutrients and growth factors, which was highly activated in intestinal stem and progenitor cells in geriatric mice. These aging phenotypes were recapitulated in intestinal stem cell-specific Tsc1 knockout mice. [Nat Commun] Full Article Investigators report that inactivation of tumor suppressor genes Trp53 and Rb1 in the gastric squamous-columnar junction epithelium resulted in preferential formation of metastatic poorly differentiated neoplasms, which were similar to human gastroesophageal carcinoma. [Nat Commun] Full Article PRSS Contributes to Cetuximab Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Researchers proved that PRSS expression levels were significantly negatively associated with the sensitivity of cancer cells to cetuximab. Detailed mechanistic analysis indicated that PRSS could cleave cetuximab, leading to resistance. [Sci Adv] Full Article A Cell Atlas of the Adult Drosophila Midgut The authors used single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize the transcriptome of midgut epithelial cells and identified 22 distinct clusters representing intestinal stem cells, enteroblasts, enteroendocrine cells, and enterocytes. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract Using irradiation as stressor and primarily murine-derived intestinal organoids as a model system, scientists showed that muramyl dipeptide induced a significant reduction of total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) within intestinal stem cells, which was associated with mitophagy induction. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Full Article Yap1-Driven Intestinal Repair Is Controlled by Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells Scientists report that ILC3-driven epithelial proliferation and tissue regeneration were independent of IL-22. In contrast, ILC3s amplified the magnitude of Hippo-Yap1 signaling in intestinal crypt cells, ensuring adequate initiation of tissue repair and preventing excessive pathology. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract MiR-107 Confers Chemoresistance to Colorectal Cancer by Targeting Calcium-Binding Protein 39 The effects of combination treatment of dichloroacetate (DCA) and oxaliplatin were analysed both in vitro and in vivo. The DCA-responsive proteins in AMPK pathway were enriched using proteomic profiling technology. [Br J Cancer] Full Article Fucoxanthin (Fx) administration significantly suppressed the incidence and multiplicity of colonic adenocarcinoma in AOM/DSS mice. A number of anoikis-like integrin β1low/-/cleaved caspase-3high cells in colonic adenocarcinoma and mucosal crypts were significantly increased, 8.3- and 3.5-fold in the Fx group compared with those of the control group, respectively. [J Clin Med] Full Article Investigators assessed the link between biophysical forces and pro-metastatic signaling by testing the hypothesis that cancer-associated fibroblasts-generated mechanical forces lead to activin A release and associated downstream effects. They determined that stromal activin A secretion increased with increasing substrate stiffness. [Sci Rep] Full Article Subscribe to one of our other 19 science newsletters such as Pulmonary Cell News & ESC & iPSC News. | |
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REVIEWSUlcerative Colitis: Current and Emerging Treatment Strategies Historically, medical therapy for ulcerative colitis was limited to corticosteroids. Excitingly, over the past just one to two decades, the options for medical therapy have expanded and include biologics and small molecules, with more agents actively being developed. [J Clin Med] Abstract Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSZai Lab Limited and Novocure announced that the first patient has been enrolled in a Phase II pilot clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of Tumor Treating Fields in combination with chemotherapy as a first-line treatment in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. [Zai Lab Limited] Press Release Entrada Therapeutics, Inc. announced that it is developing ENTR-501, a novel thymidine phosphorylase enzyme replacement therapy, for the treatment of MNGIE. [Entrada Therapeutics, Inc.] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSScripps Acquires Pfizer’s Massive Microbial Library The East Coast campus of the research institute received shipments of freeze-dried or frozen samples of more than 210,000 microbial strains, which scientists plan to mine for potentially useful natural products. [The Scientist] Editorial Government Call for Science ‘Weirdos’ Prompts Caution from Researchers Researchers have reacted with surprise and caution to a bizarrely worded job advertisement posted by a senior UK government adviser. The notice calls for scientists, mathematicians and “super-talented weirdos” to work for the prime minister and to help make “rapid progress with long-term problems”, and cites several scientific papers. [Nature News] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW Lorne Infection and Immunity Conference Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESNEW Research Scientist – Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders (Genentech, Inc.) NEW Postdoctoral Researcher – Immune Regulation and Stem Cells (Long Island University) NEW Senior Scientist – Drug Concept Discovery (Boehringer Ingelheim) Faculty Scientist Position – IBD Research (The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston) Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Tumor Microenvironment (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center) Researcher – Synthetic Ecology of Human Gut Microbiota (Flanders Institute for Biotechnology) Assistant Professor – Intestinal Microbiota and Immunity (Hokkaido University) Research Position – Microscopy of Human Tumors (Vienna University of Technology) Research Scientist – In Vivo Research on Wnt Signaling in Self-Renewel (Surrozen) Principal Researcher – Systems Disease Biology (Boehringer Ingelheim) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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