Intestinal Cell News Volume 6.11 | Mar 27 2020

TOP STORY

Gut Stem Cell Necroptosis by Genome Instability Triggers Bowel Inflammation

Scientists found that levels of SETDB1 were decreased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, and that mice with reduced SETDB1 in intestinal stem cells developed spontaneous terminal ileitis and colitis. [Nature] Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Clostridioides difficile Infection Damages Colonic Stem Cells via TcdB, Impairing Epithelial Repair and Recovery from Disease

The authors investigated infection-mediated damage to the colonic stem cell compartment and how this affected epithelial repair and recovery from infection. Using the pathogen C. difficile, they showed that infection disrupted murine intestinal cellular organization and integrity deep into the epithelium, to expose the otherwise protected stem cell compartment, in a TcdB-mediated process. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract

Inflammatory and Mitogenic Signals Drive Interleukin 23 Subunit Alpha (IL23A) Secretion Independent of IL12B in Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Investigators observed that proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor/NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling strongly induced IL23A expression in intestinal epithelial cells. [J Biol Chem] Abstract | Full Article

Dairy Propionibacterium freudenreichii Ameliorates Acute Colitis by Stimulating MUC2 Expression in Intestinal Goblet Cell in a DSS-Induced Colitis Rat Model

Researchers evaluated the effects of P. freudenreichii on the improvement of colitis. LS 174T goblet cells and a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis rat model were used to investigate the P. freudenreichii-induced stimulation of mucin production in vitro and in vivo, respectively. [Sci Rep] Full Article

MiR-524-5p Inhibits Angiogenesis through Targeting WNK1 in Colon Cancer Cells

Scientists explored the effect of the miRNA-524-5p/with-nolysine kinases 1 (WNK1) system on angiogenesis in colon cancer cell lines and investigate the potential mechanisms. They found miRNA-524-5p expression was relatively high in COLO205 cells and relatively low in HT-29 cells. [Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol] Abstract

Apoptotic-Induced Effects of Acacia Catechu Willd. Extract in Human Colon Cancer Cells

The authors characterized Acacia catechu Willd. heartwood extract for its catechins content and investigated the apoptosis-enhancing effect in human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells, along with its ability to spare healthy tissue. [Int J Mol Sci] Full Article

Mast Cells-Derived miR-223 Destroys Intestinal Barrier Function by Inhibition of CLDN8 Expression in Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Researchers used exosomes isolated from human mast cells-1 to culture with NCM460, HT-29 or CaCO2 intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to investigate the communication between mast cells and IECs. [Biol Res] Full Article

α-Ketoglutarate Attenuates Wnt Signaling and Drives Differentiation in Colorectal Cancer

The authors showed that environmental glutamine restriction further augmented Wnt signaling in APC-mutant intestinal organoids to promote stemness, and led to adenocarcinoma formation in vivo via decreasing intracellular α-ketoglutarate levels. [Nat Cancer] Abstract

The Agpat4/LPA Axis in Colorectal Cancer Cells Regulates Antitumor Responses via p38/p65 Signaling in Macrophages

Manipulating Agpat4 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells did not affect the growth or migration of CRC cells in vitro, whereas Agpat4 silencing suppressed CRC cell growth in subcutaneous and peritoneal xenograft models. [Signal Transduct Target Ther] Full Article

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Stem Cell Signaling Pathways in the Small Intestine

The ability to grow organoids has increased the understanding of the cellular and molecular features of small “niches” that modulate stem cell function in various organs, including the small intestine. [Int J Mol Sci] Full Article

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Leading BioSciences Announces Top Line Phase II Data Demonstrating LB1148 Achieves Primary Endpoint with Statistically Significant Improvement in Bowel Function following Cardiovascular Surgery

Leading BioSciences announced top line Phase II data demonstrating its lead compound, LB1148, provided a 30% improvement in the time to normal bowel function following cardiovascular surgery compared to placebo. [Leading BioSciences (GlobeNewswire, Inc.)] Press Release

Dragonfly Therapeutics Announces Multi-Target Expansion of Its Collaboration with Merck to Use Dragonfly’s Proprietary TriNKET™ Platform to Develop Novel Therapeutic Candidates in the Fields of Oncology, Infectious Disease, and Immune Disorders

Dragonfly Therapeutics, Inc. announced an expansion of its strategic collaboration with Merck to discover, develop and commercialize a number of Dragonfly’s candidate natural killer cell engager immunotherapies for oncology, infectious disease, and immune disorders. [Dragonfly Therapeutics, Inc. (PR Newswire Association LLC)] Press Release

COVID-19: Biomedical Research in a World under Social-Distancing Measures

Cancelled conferences and overpriced consumables: how can biomedical research function when the lab is out of reach? [Nature News] Editorial

Researchers Are Tracking Another Epidemic, Too—of Misinformation

When five researchers at the University of Washington, Seattle, launched the new Center for an Informed Public back in December 2019, they had no idea what was coming. The center aims to study how misinformation propagates and use the findings to “promote an informed society, and strengthen democratic discourse.” [ScienceInsider] Editorial

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NEW Postdoctoral Position – Defining the Transcriptional Landscape of the Intestinal Immunological Barrier (Karolinska Institutet)

Postdoctoral Position – Cancer Research (The Ohio State University)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Research Scientist (Medical College of Wisconsin)

Postdoctoral Research Scientist – Intestinal Epithelial Cell Function (Wellcome Sanger Institute)

PhD Studentship – Stem Cell Derived Signals in Intestinal Stem Cell Homeostasis and Cancer (Durham University)

Lab Manager – Intestinal Research (Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

Postdoctoral Fellow Position – Gene Editing and Genomic Evolution (Northwestern University)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

Postdoctoral Position – Intestinal Immunity (The University of Chicago)

Research Scientist – In Vivo Research on Wnt Signaling in Self-Renewal (Surrozen)

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