Intestinal Cell News Volume 6.17 | May 15 2020

TOP STORY

High-Resolution mRNA and Secretome Atlas of Human Enteroendocrine Cells

Researchers describe an organoid-based platform for functional studies of human enteroendocrine cells (EECs). EEC formation was induced in vitro by transient expression of NEUROG3. A set of gut organoids was engineered in which the major hormones were fluorescently tagged. [Cell] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Infection of Bat and Human Intestinal Organoids by SARS-CoV-2

Investigators showed the establishment and characterization of expandable intestinal organoids derived from horseshoe bats of the Rhinolophus sinicus species that could recapitulate bat intestinal epithelium. [Nat Med] Full Article

Zonation of Ribosomal DNA Transcription Defines a Stem Cell Hierarchy in Colorectal Cancer

Researchers discovered that the majority of ribosomal DNA transcription and protein synthesis in colorectal cancers occurs in a limited subset of tumor cells that localized in defined niches [Cell Stem Cell] Abstract | Graphical Abstract | Press Release

Loss of Wild-Type p53 Promotes Mutant p53-Driven Metastasis through Acquisition of Survival and Tumor-Initiating Properties

The authors showed that mouse intestinal tumors carrying Trp53 gain-of-function mutation with loss of heterozygosity were enriched in metastatic lesions when heterozygous Trp53 mutant cells were transplanted. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Bioinorganic Hybrid Bacteriophage for Modulation of Intestinal Microbiota to Remodel Tumor-Immune Microenvironment against Colorectal Cance

Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that of M13@Ag treatment could scavenge Fusobacterium nucleatum in gut and led to reduction in myeloid-derived suppressor cell amplification in the tumor site. [Sci Adv] Full Article

LAMB3 Promotes Tumour Progression through the AKT-FOXO3/4 Axis and Is Transcriptionally Regulated by the BRD2/Acetylated ELK4 Complex in Colorectal Cancer

Scientists showed that LAMB3 was overexpressed in colorectal cancer and that this overexpression was correlated with tumor metastasis and poor prognosis. [Oncogene] Abstract

CircCYFIP2 Acts as a Sponge of miR-1205 and Affects the Expression of Its Target Gene E2F1 to Regulate Gastric Cancer Metastasis

The authors investigated the expression of circRNAs in five gastric cancer (GC) tissues with metastasis and five GC tissues without metastasis by microarray analysis. [Mol Ther Nucleic Acids] Abstract | Full Article | Graphical Abstract

USP38 Regulates the Stemness and Chemoresistance of Human Colorectal Cancer via Regulation of HDAC3

Scientists identified that an ubiquitin-specific protease, USP38, was downregulated in clinical colorectal cancer samples and colorectal cancer cell lines. [Oncogenesis] Full Article

Allosteric Inhibitor of β-Catenin Selectively Targets Oncogenic Wnt Signaling in Colon Cancer

The authors have identified C2, a novel β-catenin inhibitor, which was a small molecule that bound to a novel allosteric site on the surface of β-catenin. C2 selectively inhibited β-catenin, lowered its cellular load and significantly reduced viability of β-catenin-driven cancer cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin Protected against Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Experimental Colitis by Potentiating the Action of GLP-2

Investigators showed that oral administration of single dose of sitagliptin on D7 remarkably inhibited DPP enzyme activity in both serum and intestine of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitic mice. [Acta Pharmacol Sin] Abstract

R-Spondin 1 (RSPO1) Increases Mouse Intestinal Organoid Unit Size and Survival In Vitro and Improves Tissue-Engineered Small Intestine Formation In Vivo

Intestinal organoid units were isolated from C57BL/6 mice and cultured in Matrigel in the presence or absence of recombinant human rhRSPO1. Throughout the culture, organoid unit growth and survival rates were evaluated, and cells were harvested on day three. [Front Bioeng Biotechnol] Abstract

TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 Promote SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Human Small Intestinal Enterocytes

Scientists report productive infection of SARS-CoV-2 in ACE2⁺ mature enterocytes in human small intestinal enteroids. Expression of two mucosa-specific serine proteases, TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4, facilitated SARS-CoV-2 spike fusogenic activity and promoted virus entry into host cells. [Sci Immunol] Full Article

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Organoids and Bioengineered Intestinal Models: Potential Solutions to the Cryptosporidium Culturing Dilemma

The authors evaluate the recent advances in Cryptosporidium culturing techniques and propose future directions for research that may build upon these successes. [Microorganisms] Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field.

Cardiff Oncology Enters Agreement with PoC Capital to Fund Phase II Clinical Trial of Onvansertib in KRAS-Mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC)

Cardiff Oncology, Inc. announced an agreement with PoC Capital, LLC, to fund the completion of its ongoing Phase Ib/II clinical trial in patients with KRAS-mCRC. [Cardiff Oncology, Inc.] Press Release

Enhertu Granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation in the US for HER2-Positive Metastatic Gastric Cancer

AstraZeneca and Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited’s Enhertu has been granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation in the US for the treatment of patients with HER2-positive unresectable or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma who have received two or more prior regimens including trastuzumab. [AstraZeneca] Press Release

Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic, Some Scientists Bring the Bench Home

While some scientists have turned to writing manuscripts and grants and making inventories of their freezers to keep busy while away from the bench, others have brought experiments home, turning bathrooms, laundry rooms, and kitchens into makeshift labs-sometimes seeing an opportunity to explore new questions, other times trying out of desperation to prevent projects from moving backwards. [The Scientist] Editorial

Scientists Are Drowning in COVID-19 Papers. Can New Tools Keep Them Afloat?

Backed by large technology firms and the White House, a loose-knit army of data scientists, software developers, and journal publishers are racing to create digital collections holding thousands of freely available papers that could be useful to ending the pandemic, and scrambling to build data-mining and search tools that can help researchers quickly find the information they seek. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

House Democrats Include Research Dollars in Latest Pandemic Relief Package

For US scientists, the good news is that the $3 trillion spending bill unveiled contains billions of dollars in new research funding. The bad news is that the bill is only a marker for negotiations with Senate Republicans and the White House on what more the federal government should do to help the country deal with the devastating economic and health effects of the pandemic. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

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Faculty Positions – Precision Medicine (Sun Yat-Sen University)

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