Mammary Cell News Volume 11.16 | May 2 2019

TOP STORY

LncRNA EPR Controls Epithelial Proliferation by Coordinating Cdkn1a Transcription and mRNA Decay Response to TGF-β

Epithelial cell program regulator (EPR) was rapidly downregulated by TGF-β and its sustained expression largely reshaped the transcriptome, favored the acquisition of epithelial traits, and reduced cell proliferation in cultured mammary gland cells as well as in an animal model of orthotopic transplantation. [Nat Commun] Full Article

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Bispecific CD3-HAC Carried by E1A-Engineered Mesenchymal Stromal Cells against Metastatic Breast Cancer by Blocking PD-L1 and Activating T Cells

CD3-high-affinity consensus (HAC) specifically bound to PD-L1-positive tumor cells and induced lymphocyte-mediated lysis effectively both in vitro and in vivo. The intervention with HAC diminished the effects of PD-1/PD-L1 axis on T cells exposed to MDA-MB-231 cells and increased lymphocyte activation. [J Hematol Oncol] Full Article

IL-11 Is Essential in Promoting Osteolysis in Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis via RANKL-Independent Activation of Osteoclastogenesis

Scientists presented in vitro and in vivo evidence to clarify the role of interleukin-11 (IL-11) as an essential contributor to breast cancer bone metastasis mediated osteolysis. Animal studies showed that bone specific metastatic BoM-1833 cells induced earlier onset of osteolysis and faster tumor growth compared with MCF7 and parental MDA-MB-231 cells in BALB/c-nu/nu nude mice. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Elevation of O-GlcNAc and GFAT Expression by Nicotine Exposure Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Invasion in Breast Cancer Cells

Researchers found that cellular O-GlcNAcylation dramatically increased in human breast cancer cells with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) activation induced by nicotine (Nic). Elevated O-GlcNAcylation subsequently promoted Nic-induced EMT activation and increased cell migratory ability. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Salinomycin-Loaded Gold Nanoparticles for Treating Cancer Stem Cells by Ferroptosis-Induced Cell Death

Salinomycin (Sal) was conjugated with biocompatible gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated with poly(ethylene glycol) to improve its specificity in targeting breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). BCSCs derived from CD24^low/CD44^high subpopulation showed high sensitivity to Sal-AuNP treatment. [Mol Pharm] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Gold Nanoparticle Uptake Is Enhanced by Estradiol in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

The authors investigated the effects of 17β-estradiol (E₂) on membrane roughness and gold nanoparticle (AuNP) uptake in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Incubation of cells for 12 hours with AuNP and E₂ increased cell membrane roughness by 95% and 30% compared with the groups treated with vehicle or AuNPs only, respectively. [Int J Nanomedicine] Full Article

Identification of Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 as a Novel Positive Regulator of YAP/TAZ in Breast Cancer Cells

Investigators found that Pin1 interacted with YAP/TAZ in a phosphorylation-independent manner and the WW domain of Pin1 was necessary for this interaction. They showed that Pin1 increased the tumorigenic and drug-resistant activity of YAP/TAZ through stabilization of YAP/TAZ at the protein level. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Reduced Basal Nitric Oxide Production Induces Precancerous Mammary Lesions via ERBB2 and TGFβ

Scientists showed that the basal level of nitric oxide (NO) in breast cells plummeted during cancer progression due to reduction of the NO synthase cofactor, BH₄, under oxidative stress. Normalization of NO levels in precancerous and cancerous breast cells downmodulated TGFβ and ERBB2 and ameliorated their proliferative phenotype. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Mechanics and Actomyosin-Dependent Survival and Chemoresistance of Suspended Tumor Cells in Shear Flow

Researchers found that the majority of suspended breast tumor cells could be eliminated by fluid shear stress, while cancer stem cells held survival advantages over conventional cancer cells. Inhibiting actomyosin activity in untreated cells enhanced chemoresistance, while activating actomyosin in surviving tumor cells suppressed this ability. [Biophys J] Abstract

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Role of Hedgehog Signaling in Breast Cancer: Pathogenesis and Therapeutics

The authors highlight the relevance of Hedgehog signaling in breast cancer (BC), and suggest that this pathway is key for BC progression and metastasis. [Cells] Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the mammary cell research field.

Sandoz Enters Agreement for Proposed Trastuzumab Biosimilar, Currently in Phase III Development, to Treat Selected HER2-Positive Cancer Tumors

Sandoz announced that it has entered into an agreement to commercialize a proposed trastuzumab biosimilar. This medicine is currently in Phase III clinical development for treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive breast and specific gastric cancer tumors. [Sandoz (GlobeNewswire, Inc.)] Press Release

Immunomedics and Everest Medicines Announce Exclusive License Agreement for Sacituzumab Govitecan in East and Southeast Asia Excluding Japan

Immunomedics, Inc. and Everest Medicines II Limited announced an exclusive license agreement to develop, register, and commercialize sacituzumab govitecan in Greater China, South Korea and certain Southeast Asian countries. [Immunomedics, Inc.] Press Release

Oncology Venture Provides News on Its Clinical Development Projects Dovitinib, 2X-121 and LiPlaCis

Oncology Venture A/S provided news on DRP^® based analyses of biopsies from clinical trials with dovitinib. In addition to renal, endometrial and GIST tumors, Oncology Venture has now also shown in two new indications – liver cancer and breast cancer – that the DRP can predict the responding patients. Also, Oncology Venture has submitted an Investigational New Drug Application for LiPlaCis^® and its DRP^® to the FDA, with the intention to start a pivotal study in metastatic breast cancer. [Oncology Venture A/S] Press Release

Male Researchers’ ‘Vague’ Language More Likely to Win Grants

Grant reviewers award lower scores to proposals from women than to those from men, even when they don’t know the gender of the applicant, an analysis of thousands of submissions to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has found. That’s because male and female scientists use different types of word on grant applications, according to the study, published by the US National Bureau of Economic Research. [Nature News] Editorial

Analysis: US Science Adviser Has a Vision for Cutting Research Red Tape, but Details Are Scarce

What is known as the administrative burden issue has largely fallen off US academic scientists’ radar, in large part because they fear that any changes by the Trump administration might make matters worse rather than better. Kelvin Droegemeier wants to turn back the clock. As director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and the president’s science adviser, Droegemeier generally avoids the subject of federal budgets and climate change when talking to researchers. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW Gordon Research Seminar: Cellular Targeting of Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy, Diagnostics and Imaging
June 22-23, 2019
West Dover, Vermont, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Fellowship – Redox Biology of Breast and Lung Cancer (Washington University School of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – PcG-Mediated Mechanisms in Breast Cancer (University of Miami)

Postdoctoral Research Position – Molecular Biology & Cancer Research (Augusta University)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Tumor Suppressor CSMD1 (Lund University)

Postdoctoral Position – Breast Cancer Research (Massachusetts General/Harvard Medical School)

Postdoctoral Training Fellow – Gene Function & Breast Cancer (The Institute of Cancer Research)

Faculty Position – Breast and Ovarian Cancer (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Breast Cancer Research (Washington University School of Medicine)

Professor – Breast Cancer (University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Associate – Cancer Immunology (The Jackson Laboratory)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Bioinformatics (BC Cancer Research Center, PHSA)

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