Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 10.02 | Jan 16 2018

TOP STORY

Basal p53 Expression Is Indispensable for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Integrity

Investigators examined the normal physiological role of p53 in primary MSCs cultured under physiologic oxygen levels. They showed that p53 inactivation downregulates expression of TWIST2, which normally restrains cellular differentiation to maintain wild-type MSCs in a multipotent state, depletes mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and suppresses ROS generation, PPARG gene and protein induction in response to adipogenic stimuli. [Cell Death Differ] Full Article

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IN VITRO

Activation of AKT-mTOR Signaling Directs Tenogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Scientists showed that mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling was activated by protenogenic growth factor, transforming growth factors beta 1, and insulin-like growth factor-I. The expression of mTOR was upregulated during tenogenesis of MSCs. [Stem Cells] Abstract

Downregulation of Heat Shock Protein 70 Impairs Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Differentiation in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

The authors revealed an essential regulatory mechanism of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in osteogenesis and chondrogenesis using adult human MSCs stably transfected with specific shRNAs to knockdown HSP70. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Long Non-Coding RNA TCONS_00041960 Enhances Osteogenesis and Inhibits Adipogenesis of Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell by Targeting miR-204-5p and miR-125a-3p

Investigators found down-regulation of TCONS_00041960 during adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of glucocorticoid-treated bone marrow MSCs. Furthermore, up-regulation of TCONS_00041960 promoted expression of osteogenic genes Runx2, osterix, and osteocalcin, and anti-adipogenic gene glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper. [J Cell Physiol] Abstract

An Endochondral Ossification Approach to Early-Stage Bone Repair: Use of Tissue-Engineered Hypertrophic Cartilage Constructs as Primordial Templates for Weight-Bearing Bone Repair

Researchers demonstrated that tissue-engineered hypertrophically-primed cartilage constructs can be developed from collagen-based scaffolds cultured with mesenchymal stem cells. [Tissue Eng Regen Med] Abstract

Myogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from Porcine Adipose Tissue

To evaluate the possibility of using porcine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC) for muscle regeneration studies, investigators co-cultured porcine ASC with murine C₂C₁₂ myoblasts. These experiments demonstrated that porcine ASC display significant myogenic potential. [Cell Tissue Res] Abstract

IN VIVO

Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modify Microglial Response and Improve Clinical Outcomes in Experimental Spinal Cord Injury

The authors investigated whether systemic administration of extracellular vesicles isolated from human MSCs has the potential to be efficacious as an alternative to cell-based therapy for spinal cord injury. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Cell Tracking, Survival and Differentiation Capacity of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells after Engraftment in Rat Tissue

Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) were injected into three different tissues (substantia nigra, ventricle, liver) and they were tracked in vivo with a dual GFP-Luc reporter system. The results showed that ADSCs were able to survive up to 4 months after the engraftment and some of them started showing resident cell tissue phenotype. [J Cell Physiol] Abstract

Chronic High Glucose and Insulin Stimulate Bone-Marrow Stromal Cells Adipogenic Differentiation in Young Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Researchers evaluated whether genetic predisposition is sufficient to induce changes due to chronic high glucose in the presence or absence of insulin on osteogenic differentiation and markers in bone-marrow MSCs from young Wistar and spontaneous hypertensive rats without hypertension. [J Cell Physiol] Abstract

Intraarticularly-Injected Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulate Anti-Inflammatory Molecules and Inhibit Pain Related Protein and Chondrolytic Enzymes in a Monoiodoacetate-Induced Rat Arthritis Model

Scientists prepared a shoulder arthritis model by injecting monoiodoacetate into a rat shoulder, and then investigated the intraarticular administration of MSCs from the aspects of the cartilage protective effect associated with their anti-inflammatory property and inhibitory effect on central sensitization of pain. [Int J Mol Sci] Full Article

Osteocytogenesis: Roles of Physicochemical Factors, Collagen Cleavage and Exogenous Molecules

Emerging evidence reveals the essential functions of osteocytes in bone homeostasis and mechanotransduction. The authors focus on several key factors that drive the osteocytic differentiation of osteoblasts, that is, osteocytogenesis. [Tissue Eng Part B Rev] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the mesenchymal cell research field.

Cellect Announces Opening of a Second Clinical Trial Site and Approval from Safety Board (DSMB) for Dose Escalation

Cellect Biotechnology Ltd. announced that it has signed an agreement with the Hadassah Medical Center to conduct clinical trials on cancer patients in Cellect’s ongoing Phase I/II study. [Cellect Biotechnology Ltd. (PR Newswire Association LLC)] Press Release

FDA Clears Way for Mayo Clinic to Accelerate Production of Stem Cells for Clinical Trials through Automation

FDA has agreed to allow Mayo Clinic to use an automated bioreactor-based stem cell production platform on its campus in Jacksonville, Florida. This enables the Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Medicine to produce cells from the bone marrow of a stem cell donor in quantities large enough to make several doses that can be used as treatments in clinical trials. [Mayo Clinic] Press Release

Make Replication Studies ‘A Normal and Essential Part of Science,’ Dutch Science Academy Says

Scientists, universities, funding agencies, and journals alike should be doing much more to ensure the reproducibility of scientific research, according to a new report released by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

South Korean Universities Reach Agreement with Elsevier after Long Standoff

After a months-long standoff, a consortium of hundreds of South Korean universities has reached a new deal with scientific publisher Elsevier for access to ScienceDirect, a database containing content from 3,500 academic journals and thousands of electronic books. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW Weinstein 2018: Cardiovascular Development and Regeneration Conference
May 16-18, 2018
Nara, Japan

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Program Director – Translational Bone Research (Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine)

PhD Studentship – Regenerative Sciences (Hannover Biomedical Research School)

Tenure Track Assistant Professor – Cell Biology and Anatomy (University of South Carolina School of Medicine)

Assistant or Associate Professor – Orthopedics & Sports Medicine (University of Washington)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Bone and Stem Cells Biology (Stanford University)

Associate/Full Professor – Regenerative Medicine (University of Florida)

Postdoctoral Associate Positions – Translational Musculoskeletal Research (Penn State College of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Position – Stem Cell Differentiation (University of California, Berkeley)

Chair – Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (University of Wisconsin)

Postdoctoral Scholar Position – Cancer & Stem Cell Epigenomics (University of California, Davis)

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