Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 10.21 | May 29 2018

TOP STORY

Peroxiredoxin 6 Inhibits Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Formation through Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Induces Delayed Bone Development

Scientists found that peroxiredoxin (PRDX)6 levels were decreased during osteogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). hDPSCs stably expressing Myc-PRDX6 inhibited cell growth in hDPSCs during osteogenic differentiation and impaired osteogenic phenotypes such as alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralized nodule formation, and osteogenic marker genes. [Antioxid Redox Signal] Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

IN VITRO

The Hedgehog and Wnt/β-Catenin System Machinery Mediate Myofibroblast Differentiation of LR-MSCs in Pulmonary Fibrogenesis

Investigators demonstrated the critical role of Gli1, Wnt7b, Wnt10a and Fzd10 in the process of pulmonary fibrogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Gli1 was induced in LR-MSCs following TGF-β1 treatment and fibrotic lung tissues. Inhibition of Gli1 suppressed myofibroblast differentiation of LR-MSCs and pulmonary fibrosis, and decreased the expression of Wnt7b, Wnt10a and β-catenin. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Increased H3K27ac Level of ACE Mediates the Intergenerational Effect of Low Peak Bone Mass Induced by Prenatal Dexamethasone Exposure in Male Offspring Rats

In vitro, dexamethasone inhibited bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) osteogenic differentiation and promoted renin-angiotensin system activation. Dexamethasone recruited CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α and p300 into the BMSCs nucleus by activating glucocorticoid receptor, which cooperatively increased the H3K27ac level in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) promoter region. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Engineered Healing of Avascular Meniscus Tears by Stem Cell Recruitment

Scientists showed that controlled applications of connective tissue growth factor and transforming growth factor beta 3 can induce seamless healing of avascular meniscus tears by inducing recruitment and step-wise differentiation of synovial MSCs. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Donor Variation and Optimization of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Chondrogenesis in Hyaluronic Acid

The authors derived human MSCs (hMSCs) from seven donors and evaluated their ability to undergo chondrogenesis in pellet culture and hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels. Given their initial observation of overt cell aggregation and/or gel contraction for some donors, they evaluated the impact of variation in cell and HA macromer concentration on functional outcomes during chondrogenesis using one young/healthy donor. [Tissue Eng Part A] Abstract

IN VIVO

Intratendinous Injection of Autologous Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Rotator Cuff Disease: A First‐in‐Human Trial

Intratendinous injection of autologous adipose‐tissue derived MSCs in patient with a partial‐thickness rotator cuff tear did not cause adverse events, but improved shoulder function, and relieved pain through regeneration of rotator cuff tendon. [Stem Cells] Abstract

Intrathecal Injection of Allogenic Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Treatment of Patients with Severe Ischemic Stroke: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Observer-Blinded Trial

Researchers developed a prospective, randomized, controlled, observer-blinded Phase II trial to assess the clinical safety, feasibility, and therapeutic mechanisms of allogenic bone marrow-derived MSCs by intrathecal infusion in the treatment of patients with cerebral infarction within the middle cerebral artery and with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score from 15 to 25. [Transl Stroke Res] Abstract

Injectable Cartilaginous Template Transformed BMSCs into Vascularized Bone

Scientists aimed to develop an injectable “cartilaginous” graft with adequate mechanical resistance and ideal bone remodeling potential. The cartilaginous graft was composed of a particulate decellularized cartilage matrix, chondrogenically primed bone MSC bricks, and enriched platelet-rich plasma gel. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Treatment of Experimental Colitis by Endometrial Regenerative Cells through Regulation of B Lymphocytes in Mice

The authors demonstrated that endometrial regenerative cell (ERC) treatment prolonged the survival of colitis mice and attenuated disease activity with fewer pathological changes in colon tissue. ERCs decreased the proportion of immature plasma cells in the spleen and IgG deposition in the colon. [Stem Cell Res Ther] Full Article

Simulated Microgravity Culture Enhances the Neuroprotective Effects of Human Cranial Bone-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Traumatic Brain Injury

In traumatic brain injury model mice, the transplantation of cranial bone-derived MSCs cultured under microgravity conditions showed greater motor functional improvement compared to the only phosphate buffered saline administration. [Stem Cells Dev] Abstract

Genetic Contribution to Mesenchymal Stem Cell Dysfunction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Clarifying genetic factors associated with MSC dysfunction may be helpful to delineate systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis and provide new therapeutic targets. In this review, the scientific evidence on the genetic contribution to MSC dysfunction in SLE is summarized. [Stem Cell Res Ther] Full Article

Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Miraculous Healers or Dormant Killers?

The authors present a model of carcinogenesis initiated by MSCs, which chains together the tissue organization field theory, the stem cell theory, and the inflammation-cancer chain. [Stem Cell Rev] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the mesenchymal cell research field.

Enrolment Completed in Cynata’s Phase I Clinical Trial of CYP-001 in GvHD

Cynata Therapeutics Limited announced that the final patient has been treated in Cohort B of its Phase I clinical trial of CYP-001, its Cymerus^™ MSC product candidate, in steroid-resistant acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). [Cynata Therapeutics Limited (GlobeNewswire, Inc.)] Press Release

Longeveron Recruiting for Stem Cell Alzheimer’s Trial in South Florida

Longeveron LLC announced that it is currently recruiting for a Phase I clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of its allogeneic MSCs in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. [Longeveron LLC] Press Release

Italy’s New Prime Minister Defended Discredited Stem Cell Therapy

The electoral victory of two populist parties in March had Italian scientists worried that a new era of antiscientific policies might be around the corner—and appointment of Giuseppe Conte as the country’s new prime minister is making some even more nervous. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Scientist Who Received Millions from NIH Leaves Alabama Posts

A professor who received about $5 million in grants from the National Institutes of Health left his posts at the University of Alabama, Birmingham, and Birmingham VA Medical Center last year after an investigation found evidence of image manipulation in 20 of his papers, Retraction Watch has learned. [The Scientist] Editorial

NEW Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB): Cross-Translational Research in Fibrosis across Organs
September 30-October 5, 2018
Scottsdale, Arizona, United States

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NEW Postdoctoral Researcher – Stem Cell Based Regenerative Medicine (Karolinska Institutet)

NEW Postdoctoral Positions – Cell Biology (Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia)

NEW Postdoctoral Research Assistant – Cell Biology (University of Oxford)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Skeletal Cell Metabolism in Bone Pathology and Regeneration (KU Leuven)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cell Biology and Disease (European Molecular Biology Laboratory)

Senior Lecturer – Cell Biology and Genetics (University of Chicago)

Postdoctoral Position – Cell Biology (University of Houston)

Review Scientists – Gene and Cell Therapy (Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research)

Postdoctoral Fellow/Senior Scientist – Aortic Aneurysm and Postnatal Bone Growth (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration (University of South Dakota)

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