Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 10.42 | Oct 23 2018

TOP STORY

BMP-IHH-Mediated Interplay between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Osteoclasts Supports Calvarial Bone Homeostasis and Repair

Scientists showed that suture mesenchymal stem cells gave rise to osteoprogenitors that show active bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and depend on BMP-mediated Indian hedgehog (IHH) signaling to balance osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis activity. Loss of Bmpr1a in mesenchymal stem cells led to downregulation of signaling and diminished cranial sutures. [Bone Res] Full Article

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

IN VITRO

Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy of Oncolytic Adenovirus-Loaded Menstrual Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Combination with Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Scientists showed how infection by an oncolytic adenovirus (OAdv) induced Toll-like receptor 9 overexpression and activation of the NF-κB pathway in menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs), leading to a specific cytokine secretion profile. A pro-inflammatory environment, mainly mediated by monocyte activation that led to the activation of both T-cells and natural killer cells, was generated when OAdv-loaded MenSCs were co-cultured with allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells. [Mol Cancer Ther] Abstract

LncRNA-PCAT1 Targeting miR-145-5p Promotes TLR4-Associated Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-PCAT1 negatively regulated miR-145-5p and positively regulated toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. Knockdown of lncRNA-PCAT1 or TLR4 decreased the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related proteins, reduced the alkaline phosphatase and ARS levels and the activity of the TLR signaling pathway. [J Cell Mol Med] Full Article

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment Promote Ovarian Cancer Progression: The Role of Platelet-Activating Factor

The effects of MSCs on ovarian cancer cells in vitro were assessed on cells treated with conditioned medium. The expression and phosphorylation of key proteins in the platelet-activating factor /platelet-activating factor receptor signaling pathway were evaluated. In vivo, MSCs/RFP and SKOV3 cells were co-administered at different proportions to nude mice by interscapular injection. [BMC Cancer] Full Article

The Effect of Larger than Cell Diameter Polylactic Acid Surface Patterns on Osteogenic Differentiation of Rat Dental Pulp Stem Cells

Researchers found that both macro-surfaces influenced dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) morphology compared to control. As a consequence, enhanced DPSC proliferation and increased osteogenic differentiation potential was registered in cells grown on these scaffolds. Results showed that the construction of an artificial bone did not necessarily require the precise structuring of the scaffold, because both types of macro-topographic PLA scaffolds were sufficient enough to induce spontaneous DPSC osteogenic differentiation. [J Biomed Mater Res A] Abstract

Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Formed Acinar-Like Structure When Stimulated with Breast Epithelial Cells in Three-Dimensional Culture

The expression of epithelial genes was up-regulated while the expression of mesenchymal specific genes was down-Regulated as determined by qRT-PCR. The stemness marker and angiogenic factors were also down-regulated as examined by immunofluorescence. The CM obtained from HBL-100 enhanced the migration and inhibited the adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. [PLoS One] Full Article

IN VIVO

3D-Cultured Human Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Spheroids Enhance Ovary Function by Inducing Folliculogenesis

The authors demonstrated the therapeutic effect of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats and compared their efficacy when generated via a conventional monolayer culture system and a spheroid culture system. PD-MSC transplantation significantly increased the estradiol level in Ovx rats compared with the non-transplantation group. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Exosomal KLF3-AS1 from hMSCs Promoted Cartilage Repair and Chondrocyte Proliferation in Osteoarthritis

MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) ameliorated IL-1β-induced cartilage injury. LncRNA KLF3-AS1 was markedly enriched in MSC-exo, and exosomal KLF3-AS1 suppressed IL-1β-induced apoptosis of chondrocytes. Further in vivo investigation indicated that exosomal KLF3-AS1 promoted cartilage repair in a rat model of osteoarthritis. [Biochem J] Abstract

Nanofiber-Acellular Dermal Matrix as a Bilayer Scaffold Containing Mesenchymal Stem Cell for Healing of Full-Thickness Skin Wounds

Cell adhesion, proliferation, and the epidermal differentiation potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on nanofibrous scaffolds were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, alamarBlue, and real-time PCR, respectively. The results indicated that ADSCs seeded on ADM, nanofiber, and bilayer scaffolds could promote re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and collagen remodeling in comparison with cell-free scaffolds. [Cell Tissue Res] Abstract

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Condition Media Diminish Inflammatory Adhesion Molecules of Pulmonary Endothelial Cells in an Ovalbumin-Induced Asthmatic Rat Model

Two weeks post-transplantation, the expression of interleukin (IL)-5, -12 and INF-γ, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were assessed along with pathological injuries and the homing of MSCs into lung tissues. The results showed CM, and notably rBMMSCs, returned the expression of IL-5, IL-12, INF-γ, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 to the normal levels. [Microvasc Res] Abstract

Advanced Smart Biomaterials and Constructs for Hard Tissue Engineering and Regeneration

Smart biomaterials and constructs refer to biomaterials and constructs that possess instructive/inductive or triggering/stimulating effects on cells and tissues by engineering the material’s responsiveness to internal or external stimuli or have intelligently tailored properties and functions that can promote tissue repair and regeneration. [Bone Res] Full Article

Stem Cells in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus – Focus on Mesenchymal Stem Cells

The authors present the biological background and the resulting clinical potential and limitations of embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells, and summarize the current status quo of cell therapeutic concepts and trials. [Metabolism] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the mesenchymal cell research field.

Apceth Biopharma Presents Positive Data Demonstrating Efficacy of Apceth-201 in Preclinial Models of Acute GvHD

Apceth Biopharma GmbH announced positive results for apceth-201 in mouse models for acute graft-versus-host disease. [Press Release from Apceth Biopharma GmbH discussing research presented at the Annual Congress of the European Society of Gene and Cell Therapy, Lausanne.] Press Release

Longeveron Receives Prestigious NIH Small Business Innovation Research Grant

Longeveron LLC announced that the company has been awarded a $3.8 million Small Business Innovation Research grant from the National Institute of Health (NIH) for its research to develop stem cell therapies for Aging Frailty. [Longeveron LLC] Press Release

Positive Results of Orthopedic Treatment with the Use of ApoGraft™ Enriched Stem Cells Derived from Fat Tissues

Cellect Biotechnology Ltd. a developer of stem cell selection technology, announced that it has achieved positive results on the use of human fat derived stem cells treated with the ApoGraft™ process in orthopedic treatments of animals. [Cellect Biotechnology Ltd. (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

British Universities Set Up European Outposts As Brexit Looms

Some of Britain’s leading research institutions are establishing alliances with counterparts in other European countries — a move that might allow them to keep drawing on the EU’s science funds even in the case of a ‘no-deal’ divorce from the bloc, a more extreme form that Brexit could take. [Nature News] Editorial

UK’s Science Reputation ‘At Risk If Academic Visa Issues Not Resolved’

The Wellcome Trust, which grants more than £1bn for research each year, said the immigration system was “not up to scratch” after another scientific summit in the UK was marred by the visa barriers delegates and speakers faced. [The Guardian] Editorial

NEW Gordon Research Conference: Lung Development, Injury and Repair 2019
August 4-9, 2019
Lewiston, Maine, United States

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NEW Research Fellow – Cardiovascular Diseases (Mayo Clinic)

Professor (All ranks) (Arizona State University)

PhD Positions/ Early Stage Researcher Positions – EU Horizon 2020 MSCA-ITN Project (Renal Tool Box)

Assistant Professor – Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology (Harvard University)

Postdoctoral Fellows – Regenerative Medicine (Stanford University)

Faculty Positions – Biomedical Engineering (Pennsylvania State University)

Tenure Track Assistant Professor – Regenerative Biology (Massachusetts General Hospital)

Tenure Track Group Leader Position – Mechanisms in Multicellularity or Tissue Regulation (Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research)

Tenure-Track Faculty Position – Stem Cell Biology (Children’s Research Institute at UT Southwestern)

Assistant Professor – Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology (Columbia University)

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