Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 10.48 | Dec 4 2018

TOP STORY

Autocrine Regulation of Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell Fates Orchestrates Tooth Eruption

Scientists showed that the parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP)-PTH/PTHrP receptor autocrine signal maintained physiological cell fates of dental follicle mesenchymal progenitor cells to establish the functional periodontal attachment apparatus and orchestrated tooth eruption. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Full Article

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

IN VITRO

BICD1 Mediates HIF1α Nuclear Translocation in Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Hypoxia Adaptation

Bicaudal D homolog 1 (BICD1) silencing abolished hypoxia-induced glycolytic reprogramming and increased mitochondrial ROS accumulation and apoptosis in umbilical cord blood-derived-MSCs under hypoxia. [Cell Death Differ] Full Article

Increased Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of MSCs Cultured on Nanofibrous Structure through Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling by Inorganic Polyphosphate

Inorganic poly-phosphate (poly-P) as a natural-based molecule was used to induce Wnt/β-catenin signaling in adipose-derived MSCs while cultured on 2D and 3D culture systems. Investigators showed that Cyclin-D1 and β-catenin gene expression was significantly increased in those cells treated by poly-P. [Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol] Abstract

Suppression of AKT-mTOR Signal Pathway Enhances Osteogenic/Dentinogenic Capacity of Stem Cells from Apical Papilla

Stem cells from the apical papilla were fabricated as scaffold-free spheroids and were induced into forming calcified 3D constructs. The calcified density of the spheroidal constructs was enhanced when the spheroids were pretreated with LY294402 and rapamycin. [Stem Cell Res Ther] Full Article

Recombinant Human BMP-2 Accelerates the Migration of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via the CDC42/PAK1/LIMK1 Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo

The authors tested the cytoskeletal changes and migration ability of bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) after treatment with recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2). They explored the recruitment of BMSCs from the circulatory system using a collagen sponge incorporating rhBMP-2 that was implanted in vivo. [Biomater Sci] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

BMP2/7 Heterodimer Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation of Rat BMSCs via ERK Signaling Compared with Respective Homodimers

Researchers evaluated the effects of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2/7 heterodimers on osteoblastic differentiation in rat bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs), with the aim to elaborate how mitogen-activated protein kinases might be involved in this cellular process by treatment of rat BMSCs with BMP2/-7 with a special signal-pathway inhibitor. [J Cell Biochem] Abstract

IN VIVO

Up-Regulation of SPINT2/HAI-2 by Azacytidine in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Affects Leukemic Stem Cell Survival and Adhesion

In myelodysplastic syndromes and de novo acute myeloid leukaemia-bone marrow MSCs (BMMSC), 5-azacitidine (Aza) treatment resulted in a pronounced serine protease inhibitor kunitz-type2 (SPINT2/HAI-2) levels up-regulation. Aza treatment of healthy donor-BMMSC did not improve SPINT2/HAI-2 levels. [J Cell Mol Med] Full Article

In Vitro and In Vivo Potentialities for Cartilage Repair from Human Advanced Knee Osteoarthritis Synovial Fluid-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Scientists characterized the stemness and demonstrated the multilineage potency of synovial fluid (SF)-MSCs in vitro. Intra-articular injections of xenogenic SF-MSCs exerted neither chondroprotection nor inflammation in anterior cruciate ligament transection-induced osteoarthritis in the rat knee. [Stem Cell Res Ther] Full Article

Treatment of Naturally Degenerated Canine Lumbosacral Intervertebral Discs with Autologous Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Collagen Microcarriers: A Prospective Clinical Study

Autologous MSC were isolated from bone marrow and cultured for two weeks. Prior to injection, MSC were attached on collagen microcarriers for delivery, with or without TGF-β1 crosslinking. After decompressive spinal surgery, dogs received an intradiscal injection of MSC-microcarriers, MSC-TGF-β1-microcarriers or microcarriers only. [Cell Transplant] Full Article

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Meshes in a Mess: Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Soft Tissue Reinforcement

The authors summarize in vitro and in vivo studies involving the use of differentiated and MSCs in combination with surgical meshes. According to preclinical and clinical studies and considering the therapeutic potential of MSCs, it is expected that these cells will become valuable tools in the treatment of pathologies requiring tissue reinforcement. [Acta Biomater] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the mesenchymal cell research field.

Stem Cell Bid Set to Tackle Osteoarthritis

Patients with osteoarthritis could be set to benefit from an inventive stem cell technique being tested by doctors. The research focuses on harnessing the capabilities of the patient’s own cells to repair damaged joint tissue. Experts say, if successful, the technique could pave the way for treatments that would reduce the need for people having to have invasive surgery. [The University of Edinburgh] Press Release

Barts Charity Funds £6.5M to Grow the Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Campus in Charterhouse Square

£6.5 million of funding has been awarded by Barts Charity to Queen Mary University of London to transform the Charterhouse Square campus at Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, and provide modern, cutting-edge teaching and medical research facilities. [Queen Mary University of London] Press Release

Researchers Sign Petition Backing Plans to End Paywalls

More than 1,400 researchers have signed an online letter backing the principles of Plan S, the bold open-access initiative led by research agencies who say that, by 2020, papers resulting from their funding should be immediately free to read on publication. [Nature News] Editorial

Trump Emphasizes Workforce Training in New Vision for Stem Education

The U.S. government needs to partner with industry and community organizations to train more Americans for jobs in an increasingly high-tech work environment. That’s the key message in a new 5-year strategic plan for science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education released by U.S. President Donald Trump’s administration. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Data Sharing in Action: When Drug Companies Open Their Trial Vaults

Clinical trials generate tons of data that never see the light of day, but an initiative spearheaded by researchers at Yale University is trying to change that. Since 2011, the Yale University Open Data Access Project has developed a platform that allows external researchers to gain access to clinical trials data from pharmaceutical companies. [The Scientist] Editorial

NEW EMBO-EMBL Symposia: Synthethic Morphogenesis: From Gene Circuits to Tissue Architecture
March 17-20, 2019
Heidelberg, Germany

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NEW Postdoctoral Position – Stem Cell Genomics & Tissue Engineering (Friedrich Miescher Laboratory)

NEW PhD Positions – Bone Healing & Soft-Tissue Inflammation (University of Gothenburg)

NEW Assistant Professor – Department of Biological Sciences (Rutgers University Newark)

Tenure Track Assistant Professor – Center for Regenerative Medicine (Massachusetts General Hospital)

Postdoctoral Position – Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells & Bioengineering (Igenomix Foundation)

Associate Professor/Professor – Regenerative Medicine or Stem Cell Biology (University of Toronto)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Tissue Engineering & Organs on a Chip (OHSU School of Dentistry)

Assistant/Associate Professors – Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine (Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center)

Faculty Position – Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (Mayo Clinic)

Postdoctoral Fellowships – Nanomedicine & Biomedical Engineering (University of British Columbia)

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