Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 11.03 | Jan 29 2019

TOP STORY

Inflammation-Induced Glycolytic Switch Controls Suppressivity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells via STAT1 Glycosylation

Scientists demonstrated that inflammatory MSC-licensing caused metabolic shifts including enhanced glycolysis and increased fatty acid oxidation. Yet, only interfering with glycolysis impacted indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase upregulation and impeded T-cell-suppressivity. [Leukemia] Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

IN VITRO

Extracellular Vesicles Mediate Improved Functional Outcomes in Engineered Cartilage Produced from MSC/Chondrocyte Cocultures

Investigators demonstrated that juvenile chondrocytes in coculture with adult MSCs promoted functional differentiation and improved matrix production. They further demonstrated that close proximity between the two cell types was a prerequisite for this response and that the outcome of this interaction improved viability, chondrogenesis, matrix formation, and homeostasis in the recipient MSCs. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract

An ARC-Regulated IL1β/Cox-2/PGE2/β-Catenin/ARC Circuit Controls Leukemia-Microenvironment Interactions and Confers Drug Resistance in AML

Scientists report that acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-MSC co-cultures greatly increased Cox-2 expression in MSCs and PGE2 production in an apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC)/IL1β-dependent manner. [Cancer Res] Abstract

Hypoxia-Induced 26S Proteasome Dysfunction Increases Immunogenicity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Researchers demonstrated that hypoxia, a common denominator of ischemic tissues, induced an immune shift in MSCs from immunoprivileged to immunogenic state. The immunoprivilege of MSCs was preserved by downregulation or the absence of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

IFNβ Enhances Mesenchymal Stromal (Stem) Cells Immunomodulatory Function through STAT1-3 Activation and mTOR-Associated Promotion of Glucose Metabolism

Interferon beta (IFNβ) enhanced the immunomodulatory functions of MSC and induced the expression of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor and hepatocyte growth factor, two soluble mediators involved in immune and regenerative functions of MSC. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Fast Adipogenesis Tracking System (FATS)-a Robust, High-Throughput, Automation-Ready Adipogenesis Quantification Technique

The algorithm was tested on various cell lines including 3T3-L1 cells, adipose-derived MSCs, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cells. The authors then demonstrated the effectiveness of the FATS algorithm for screening of nuclear receptor ligands that affect adipogenesis in the high-throughput manner. [Stem Cell Res Ther] Full Article

IN VIVO

Potential of Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Stem Cell – Hydrogel Complex for Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Investigators examined the potential of allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) sheets for treating diabetic foot ulcers. Fifty-nine patients with diabetic foot ulcers were randomized to either ASC treatment group or control group treated with polyurethane film. Either allogeneic ASC sheet or polyurethane film was applied on diabetic wounds weekly. [Diabetes] Abstract

Mesenchymal Cell-Derived Juxtacrine Wnt1 Signaling Regulates Osteoblast Activity and Osteoclast Differentiation

Heterozygous deletion of Wnt1 resulted in mild trabecular osteopenia due to decreased osteoblast function. Targeted deletion of Wnt1 in mesenchymal progenitors led to spontaneous fractures due to impaired osteoblast function and increased bone resorption, mimicking the severe osteogenesis imperfecta phenotype in humans with homozygous WNT1 mutations. [J Bone Miner Res] Abstract

Sirt1 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation and Increases Alveolar Bone Mass via Bmi1 Activation in Mice

Scientists demonstrated that overexpression of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) in mandibular MSCs (M-MSCs) increased the alveolar bone volume in 1-month-, 9-month-, and 18-month-old Sirt1 transgenic mice (Sirt1^TG) mice compared with age-matched wild type (WT) mice, and in ovariectomized Sirt1^TG mice compared with ovariectomized WT mice by stimulating M-MSC differentiation into osteoblasts. [J Bone Miner Res] Abstract

Periodontal Regeneration by Allogeneic Transplantation of Adipose Tissue Derived Multi-Lineage Progenitor Stem Cells In Vivo

Allogeneic transplantation of adipose-derived multi-lineage progenitor cells (ADMPC) in a micro-mini pig periodontal defect model showed significant bone regeneration ability based on bone-morphometric analysis. Moreover, the regeneration ability of ADMPC by allogeneic transplantation was comparable to those of autologous transplantation by histological analysis. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Combination of Polyetherketoneketone Scaffold and Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Temporomandibular Joint Synovial Fluid Enhances Bone Regeneration

In vivo results indicated that polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) seeded with human synovial fluid MSCs (hSF-MSCs) regenerated twice the amount of newly formed bone when compared to PEKK seeded with osteogenically-induced hSF-MSCs or PEKK scaffolds alone. [Sci Rep] Full Article

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Determinants of Stem Cell Lineage Differentiation toward Chondrogenesis versus Adipogenesis

The developmental and transcriptional crosstalk of chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages are briefly explored, followed by elucidation of signaling pathways and external factors guiding lineage determination between chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation. [Cell Mol Life Sci] Abstract

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Athersys Announces Positive Results from Its Exploratory Clinical Study of MultiStem^® Cell Therapy for Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Athersys, Inc. announced summary results from its exploratory clinical study of the intravenous administration of MultiStem^® cell therapy to treat patients who are suffering from ARDS. The study results provide further confirmation of tolerability and a favorable safety profile associated with MultiStem treatment. [Athersys, Inc.] Press Release

InGeneron Expands Development Pipeline with Two Osteoarthritis Programs

InGeneron, Inc. announced the enrollment of the first patients in two new feasibility studies evaluating InGeneron’s regenerative cell therapy as a way to treat facet joint syndrome, a major cause of chronic back pain, and wrist osteoarthritis. [InGeneron, Inc.] Press Release

Completion of Manufacturing of Clinical Grade FasL Enables Cellect to Expedite U.S. Clinical Programs into Multiple Studies

Cellect Biotechnology Ltd. announced it has concluded the scale-up development and manufacturing of clinical grade FasL in collaboration with its outsourced supplier. The FasL protein is central to Cellect’s technology of cell separation and functional selection of stem cells and is the key active ingredient in Cellect’s ApoGraft^™ and Apotainer product lines. [Cellect Biotechnology Ltd. (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

Scientists Protest Plan to Weaken US Gender-Discrimination Law

A controversial US government proposal to change the law that prohibits gender discrimination in education has drawn more than 89,000 public comments, including many from scientists. At issue is the future of Title IX, the 1972 statute that is the primary legal weapon for battling sexual harassment and other sexual misconduct in US academia. [Nature News] Editorial

FDA Staff Return to Work, but Threat of Second Shutdown Looms

FDA staff are returning to paid work after the longest government shutdown in U.S. history. But with temporary funding set to lapse Feb. 15 and President Donald Trump skeptical a deal can be reached, the agency may be plunged back into a shutdown in less than three weeks. [FierceBiotech] Editorial

Kosovo Academics Brace for Controversial Ethnic Land Swaps

A proposed land swap between Serbia and Kosovo, which is designed to help end a decades-long ethnic conflict in the region, could threaten rare attempts at multi-ethnic research collaboration and education. The exchange aims to settle ownership of the remaining disputed areas between the two hostile neighbors, but it could also result in academic institutions finding themselves in a different, essentially enemy, country. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW The NYSCF Conference 2019
October 22, 2019
New York, New York, United States

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NEW Stem Cell Production Officer – Clinical Grade MSCs (University of London – Royal Veterinary College)

Postdoctoral Fellow – MSC Research (University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine)

PhD Positions – Cancer Biology (Institut Curie)

Postdoctoral Training Fellow – Cancer Genomics (The Francis Crick Institute)

Assistant Professor – Sarcoma & Skeletal-Related Malignancies (UC Davis School of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Stem Cell Biology (City of Hope)

Research Fellow – Stem Cell Biology (Brigham & Women’s Hospital – Harvard Medical School)

Post Doctoral Fellow – Stem Cell Biology (Technion – Israel Institute of Technology)

Assistant Professor – Cancer Biology (University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine)

Assistant Professor Positions – Department of Cardiology (Boston Children’s Hospital)

Assistant Professor – Department of Biological Sciences (Rutgers University Newark)

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