Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 11.09 | Mar 12 2019

TOP STORY

Regulatory Roles of miR-22/Redd1-Mediated Mitochondrial ROS and Cellular Autophagy in Ionizing Radiation-Induced BMSC Injury

The expression of miR-22 significantly increased in bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) after onizing radiation (IR) exposure within 24 hours. Overexpression of miR-22 evidently accelerated IR-induced accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas attenuated IR stimulated cellular autophagy, thus advancing cellular apoptosis. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

IN VITRO

Allogeneic ADSCs Induce CD8 T Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Faster Cell Death after Exposure to Xenogeneic Serum or Proinflammatory Cytokines

Adipose-derived MSCs (ADSCs) pre-exposed to xenogeneic serum significantly induced cytotoxicity through CD8 T-cell granzyme B secretion after allogeneic antigen stimulation, and this effect was increased with prolonged reaction time. ADSCs pretreated with proinflammatory cytokines also induced cytotoxicity through granzyme B secretion and significantly increased human leukocyte antigen-ABC expression. [Exp Mol Med] Full Article

Anatomic Origin of Osteochondrogenic Progenitors Impacts Sensitivity to EWS-FLI1-Induced Transformation

Scientists hypothesized that Hox genes in posterior skeleton MSCs contribute to Ewing sarcoma tumorigenesis. They isolated embryonic superficial zone cells from stylopod and zeugopod bones, from wild-type and Hoxd13 mutant embryos, and tested the impact of EWS-FLI1 transduction on cell proliferation, gene expression, and tumorigenicity. [Cancers] Full Article

Primary Lung Cancer Samples Cultured under Microenvironment-Mimetic Conditions Enrich for Mesenchymal Stem-Like Cells That Promote Metastasis

Using their system, the authors easily isolated and rapidly expanded stromal progenitors from patient lung tumor resections without complex sorting methods or growth supplements. These progenitor populations retained expression of pluripotency markers, secreted factors associated with cancer progression, and enhanced tumor cell growth and metastasis. [Sci Rep] Full Article

MicroRNA-203 Promotes Proliferation, Differentiation, and Migration of Osteoblasts by Upregulation of Msh Homeobox 2

After cell transfection, researchers found that miR-203 overexpression could increase cell viability, promote proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation, and upregulate Msh homeobox 2 (Msx2) expression. Furthermore, Msx2 knockdown was proved to abrogate the effects of miR-203 overexpression on MC3T3-E1 cells. [J Cell Physiol] Abstract

TZAP Plays an Inhibitory Role in the Self-Renewal of Porcine Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Is Implicated the Regulation of Premature Senescence via the p53 Pathway

The deterioration of the porcine MSCs’ (pMSCs) proliferation capacity and their resultant entry into senescence were analyzed by using CCK8 and EdU incorporation assays, SA-β-gal staining and comparisons of the expression levels of cellular senescence markers in pMSC cell lines with telomeric zinc finger-associated protein (TZAP) overexpression or knockout. [J Transl Med] Full Article

IN VIVO

Bone-Specific Overexpression of PITX1 Induces Senile Osteoporosis in Mice through Deficient Self-Renewal of Mesenchymal Progenitors and Wnt Pathway Inhibition

Through in vivo and in vitro analyses, investigators demonstrated that paired-like homeodomain 1 (PITX1) directly regulated the self-renewal of mesenchymal progenitors and indirectly regulated osteoclast differentiation through the upregulation of Wnt signaling inhibitors DKK1, SOST, and GSK3-β. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Potent Immunomodulation and Angiogenic Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells versus Cardiomyocytes Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells for Treatment of Heart Failure

Researchers sought to compare the safety and efficacy of direct intramyocardial transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs in a porcine model of heart failure. [Stem Cell Res Ther] Full Article

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Chronic Allergic Airway Inflammation via TGF-β1-Smad2/Smad3 Signaling Pathway in Mice

The systemic administration of human MSCs derived from induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC-MSCs) before the challenge protected the mice from the characters of the chronic allergic airway inflammation, in particular improving the airway remodeling and preventing fibrosis. In addition, the TGF-β1/Smad pathway was identified involved in the immunomodulatory effects of iPSC-MSCs on chronic allergic airway inflammation. [Mol Immunol] Abstract

Umbilical Cord Blood versus Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Inflammation-Induced Preterm Brain Injury in Fetal Sheep

Lipopolysaccharide induced neuroinflammation and apoptosis, and reduced the number of mature oligodendrocytes. MSCs reduced astrogliosis, but umbilical cord blood (UCB) did not have the same effect. UCB significantly decreased cerebral apoptosis and protected mature myelinating oligodendrocytes, but MSCs did not. [Pediatr Res] Abstract

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Clinical Potential and Current Progress of Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Various Systemic Diseases in Regenerative Medicine: A Concise Review

The therapeutic potential of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), the latest progress in the pre-clinical study for treatment of these various systemic diseases, and the clinical applications of DPSCs in regenerative medicine, are all summarized. [Int J Mol Sci] Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the mesenchymal cell research field.

STEMCELL Technologies Wins Deloitte Best Managed Companies Award

STEMCELL Technologies announced that the company has been selected as a winner of Canada’s Best Managed Companies program for 2019. Canada’s Best Managed Companies is the country’s leading business awards program, recognizing excellence in the management abilities and practices of Canadian owned and managed companies with revenues over $15 million. [STEMCELL Technologies, Inc.] Press Release

Cellect Announces Positive Results from Cell2in Collaboration Showing Significant Improvement in Expansion Rate and Function of Stem Cells

Results of this third-party study further validate that Cellect’s Apograft^™ technology significantly improves both proliferation and functional capabilities of hematopoietic and MSC stem cells originating from bone marrow, peripheral blood, umbilical cord, and adipose tissue. [Cellect Biotechnology Ltd. (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

SpinalCyte Announces New Chondrocyte Patents

SpinalCyte, LLC announced the issuance of new patents in the US and Japan. The US Patent No. 10,206,954 titled “Adipose Cells for Chondrocyte Applications,” and Japanese Patent No. 6456826 titled “Generation of Cartilage Ex Vivo From Fibroblasts” describe methods to differentiate adipose and fibroblast cells into cartilage using a mold to shape the tissue to replace damaged cartilage. [SpinalCyte, LLC] Press Release

Vanderbilt Panel Weighs In Against Tenure for #MeToo Scientist

A faculty grievance committee last month upheld a decision to deny tenure to BethAnn McLaughlin, a neuroscientist at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville who has become a prominent spokesperson for the #MeToo movement in science. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Ned Sharpless, Director of the National Cancer Institute, to Be Named Acting FDA Commissioner

The Trump administration announced it would name Ned Sharpless, the director of the National Cancer Institute, the acting commissioner of the FDA next month. The announcement came just a week after the current commissioner, Scott Gottlieb, announced he plans to resign in early April. [STAT News] Editorial

NEW Comparative Cartilage Biology Conference 2019
June 24-26, 2019
Banyuls Sur Mer, France

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Cell Biologist – MSCs & Liver Disease (Hepatx Corporation)

Postdoctoral Fellow & Research Associate – Morphogenetic Signaling Pathways (University of Rochester Medical Center)

Assistant Professor – Biomedical Research (Michigan State University)

Faculty Position – Bioengineering (University of Pittsburgh)

Assistant Professor – Biomedical Engineering (Binghamton University)

Assistant Professor – Sarcoma or Skeletal Related Malignancies (University of California at Davis)

Research Scientist – Stem Cell Biology (MD Anderson Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – MSC Research (University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine)

PhD Positions – Cancer Biology (Institut Curie)

Assistant Professor – Department of Biological Sciences (Rutgers University Newark)

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