Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 11.14 | Apr 16 2019

TOP STORY

Engineering a Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche by Revitalizing Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Using an RNA sequencing screen, researchers identified five genes encoding transcription factors that restored hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche function in cultured bone marrow-derived MSCs. These revitalized MSCs exhibited enhanced synthesis of HSC niche factors while retaining their mesenchymal differentiation capacity. [Nat Cell Biol] Abstract

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IN VITRO

TMCO1-Mediated Ca²⁺ Leak Underlies Osteoblast Functions via CaMKII Signaling

The authors showed an essential role of TMCO1 in osteogenesis mediated by local Ca2⁺/CaMKII signaling in osteoblasts. TMCO1 levels were significantly decreased in bone from both osteoporosis patients and bone-loss mouse models. Tmco1^−/− mice exhibited loss of bone mass and altered microarchitecture characteristic of osteoporosis. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Effect of Comedications and Endotoxins on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretomes, Migratory and Immunomodulatory Capacity

Investigators examined the effect of immunosuppressive drugs and lipopolysaccharides/endotoxins on the secretory profile, migration towards site of injury, and suppression of lymphocyte proliferation of bone marrow-derived MSCs. [J Clin Med] Abstract | Download Full Article

Involvement of P2X7 Receptors in the Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Derived from Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue

Researchers investigated the expression of P2X7R and the effects exerted by its modulation in MSCs from human subcutaneous adipose tissue (S-ASCs), which have potential therapeutic application in bone regenerative medicine. They found that undifferentiated S-ASCs expressed P2X7R and its functional splice variants P2X7AR and P2X7BR. [Stem Cell Rev] Abstract

Glycan Profiling Analysis of Equine Amniotic Progenitor Mesenchymal Cells and Their Derived Extracellular Microvesicles

Scientists evaluated the surface glycosylation pattern of equine amniotic mesenchymal cells (eAMCs) and their extracellular vesicles (eAMC-EVs) released in conditioned medium. They used a microarray procedure in which eAMCs and eAMC-EVs were spotted on microarray slides and incubated with a panel of 14 biotinylated lectins and Cy3-conjugated streptavidin. [Stem Cells Dev] Abstract

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Exchange with Artificial CSF Enriched with Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretions Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Researchers showed that MSCs grown in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) secreted neurotrophic factors, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and anti-oxidant agents; moreover, MSC-secretions-enriched-aCSF exerted neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects in neuronal cell lines and spleen lymphocytes. [Int J Mol Sci] Full Article

IN VIVO

Orchestrated Biomechanical, Structural, and Biochemical Stimuli for Engineering Anisotropic Meniscus

The authors applied biomechanical and biochemical stimuli to mesenchymal stem cells seeded into a biomimetic scaffold to induce spatial regulation of fibrochondrocyte differentiation, resulting in physiological anisotropy in the engineered meniscus. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Patients with Osteoarthritis Results in Overall Improvement in Pain and Symptoms and Reduces Synovial Inflammation

Patients with late-stage Kellgren-Lawrence knee osteoarthritis received a single intra-articular injection of 1, 10, or 50 million bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in a Phase I/IIa trial to assess safety and efficacy using a broad toolset of analytical methods. [Stem Cells Transl Med] Abstract

Optimization of the Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Delivery Time for Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis Treatment in Rats

Ad-MSCs were delivered to Sprague-Dawley rats through the tail vein at the following different time points after thorax irradiation: two hours, seven days, and two hours + seven days. Post Ad-MSC transplantation and the histopathological analysis of the lungs were performed along with analysis of inflammatory cytokine levels, including interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Safety and Efficacy of Intraventricular Delivery of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Hemorrhagic Stroke Model

Researchers evaluated the safety and efficacy of delivering MSCs intraventricularly in a rat hemorrhagic stroke model. Using autologous blood, hemorrhagic stroke was induced at specific coordinates in the right basal ganglia. After 30 minutes, rats were treated with either bone marrow-derived MSCs or a phosphate-buffered saline placebo via direct intraventricular infusion. [Sci Rep] Full Article

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Secretome of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Its Potential Protective Effects on Brain Pathologies

The different sources of MSCs and their main characteristics are described, as well as the most significant advances in regeneration and protection provided by the secretome of MSCs. The authors discuss the possible neuroprotective mechanisms of action of the MSC-derived biomolecules, with special emphasis on the effect of MSCs derived from adipose tissue and their impact on glial cells and brain pathologies. [Mol Neurobiol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the mesenchymal cell research field.

Veyonda^® Chemotherapy Enhancement Program to Be Expanded

Noxopharm Ltd provides an update on the progress of its Veyonda^® chemotherapy enhancement program (CEP) which is being run in parallel to the company’s two radio-enhancing programs . The three programs collectively are investigating the unique dual cytotoxic and immuno-oncologic properties of Veyonda^®, with CEP exploring using these properties in combination with standard chemotherapy to achieve anti-cancer effects in patients with end-stage, metastatic solid cancers. [Noxopharm Ltd.] Press Release

TYME Announces USAN Approval of Generic Name “Racemetyrosine” for SM-88

Tyme Technologies, Inc. announced that the United States Adopted Name (USAN) Council recently granted “racemetyrosine” as the generic name for SM-88, TYME’s lead pipeline candidate. [Tyme Inc.] Press Release

Indonesian Mega-Science Agency in the Balance as Election Begins

Indonesians will vote in a national election that pits two old rivals against each other. The stakes are high for science. President Joko Widodo says that if he is re-elected, he will overhaul how much of the country’s research is organized and funded. The main opposition candidate has been silent on science so far. [Nature News] Editorial

African Research Projects Are Failing Because Funding Agencies Can’t Match Donor Money

Although African countries appreciate research grants from donor countries, they often chafe at the condition that they bring in their own money in order to be eligible. Some research projects fall by the wayside because African granting agencies simply have no way to provide their share of the money, sometimes called counterfunding, the heads of 15 national science councils in Africa said at a meeting on 4 and 5 April. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW Gordon Research Conference: Tissue Repair and Regeneration
June 9-14, 2019
New London, New Hampshire, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Sarcoma Genomics Analysis (The Francis Crick Institute)

Postdoctoral – Stem Cell & Biochemical Pharmacology (Genetech)

Senior Research Fellow – Stem Cell & Cancer Research (Gillies McIndoe Research Institute)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Molecular Oncology (Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine)

Junior Professorship – Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research (German Research Center)

Cell Biologist – MSCs & Liver Disease (Hepatx Corporation)

Postdoctoral Fellow & Research Associate – Morphogenetic Signaling Pathways (University of Rochester Medical Center)

Faculty Position – Bioengineering (University of Pittsburgh)

Assistant Professor – Biomedical Engineering (Binghamton University)

Assistant Professor – Sarcoma or Skeletal Related Malignancies (University of California at Davis)

Assistant Professor – Department of Biological Sciences (Rutgers University Newark)

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