Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 11.43 | Nov 5 2019

TOP STORY

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Healing of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Related Peptic Ulcer Through Paracrine Actions in Pigs

Using a porcine model of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-related gastric ulcer, researchers showed that adipose-derived MSCs delivered by endoscopic submucosal injection promoted ulcer healing with less inflammatory infiltration and enhanced re-epithelization and neovascularization at day 7 and day 21 when compared with the controls. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

IN VITRO

Osteocyte Dysfunction Promotes Osteoarthritis through MMP13-Dependent Suppression of Subchondral Bone Homeostasis

Not only did osteocytic MMP13 deficiency suppressed PLR in cortical and subchondral bone, but it also compromised cartilage. Even in the absence of injury, osteocytic MMP13 deficiency was sufficient to reduce cartilage proteoglycan content, change chondrocyte production of collagen II, aggrecan, and MMP13, and increase the incidence of cartilage lesions, consistent with early osteoarthritis. [Bone Res] Full Article

Autophagy Regulates the Therapeutic Potential of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in LPS-Induced Pulmonary Microvascular Barrier Damage

Investigators examined whether adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) participate in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (PMVEC) barrier damage in a paracrine manner and illuminated the role of autophagy in regulating ADSC paracrine effects. PMVECs and ADSCs with or without autophagy inhibition were co-cultured without intercellular contact, and the microvascular barrier function was assessed after LPS treatment. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

PDGF-BB Exhibited Therapeutic Effects on Rat Model of Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw by Enhancing Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis

In vitro study, CCK8 assay, alizarin red S staining and western blot assay showed that mandible-derived bone marrow (BM) MSCs in bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ)-like rats presented suppressed functions of proliferation, osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Interestingly, recombinant platelet-derived growth factor-BB was able to rescue the impaired functions of BMMSCs derived from BRONJ-like rats at more than 10ng/ml. [Bone] Abstract

Impact of Humanised Isolation and Culture Conditions on Stemness and Osteogenic Potential of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Donor I was isolated and expanded by either bone marrow directly seeded and cells expanded in 10% AB human serum (AB) +5ng/ml fibroblast growth factor-2 or ammonium-chloride-potassium lysing Bbffer was used before the cells were expanded in 10% AB+5 ng/ml FGF-2 or lymphoprep density gradient medium was used before the cells were expanded in 10% AB +5ng/ml FGF2 or bone marrow directly seeded and cells expanded in 10% pooled platelet lysate plasma. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells towards Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Is Hampered by Culture in 3D Hydrogels

The authors investigated whether induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could differentiate towards MSCs when embedded into fibrin hydrogels to enable a one-step differentiation procedure within a scaffold. Differentiation of iPSCs on tissue culture plastic or on top of fibrin hydrogels resulted in a typical MSC-like phenotype. [Sci Rep] Full Article

IN VIVO

Rat Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Sheets Suppress Renal Fibrosis via Microvascular Protection

MSC sheets were transplanted onto the kidney surface of a rat renal ischemia-reperfusion‐injury model and the effects were compared between those in untreated rats and those receiving intravenous (IV) administration of the cells. Investigators found that donor-cell survival was superior in the cell sheet group relative to the IV group, and that the cell sheets secreted HGF and vascular endothelial growth factor up to day 14. [Stem Cells Transl Med] Full Article

Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Severe Acute Pancreatitis-Induced Multiple-Organ Injury in Rats via Suppression of Autophagy

Bone marrow MSCs were intravenously injected into severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) rats 12 hours after experimental induction of SAP using sodium taurocholate. Histopathological changes and the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and ELISA, respectively. [Exp Cell Res] Abstract

Treatment with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Renovascular Hypertension and Preserves the Ability of the Contralateral Kidney to Excrete Sodium

Adult Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: control, CT+MSC, 2-kidney 1-clip model (2K-1C), and 2K-1C+MSC. MSC were infused through the tail vein three and five weeks after clipping. Systolic blood pressure was monitored weekly by plethysmography. Six weeks after clipping, 24-hour urine and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. [Kidney Blood Press Res] Abstract

Dental Epithelial Stem Cells as a Source for Mammary Gland Regeneration and Milk Producing Cells In Vivo

Transplantation of dental epithelial stem cells (DESCs) together with mammary epithelial cells into the mammary stroma resulted in the formation of chimeric ductal epithelial structures in which DESCs adopted all the possible mammary fates including milk-producing alveolar cells. In addition, when transplanted without mammary epithelial cells, DESCs developed branching rudiments and cysts. [Cells] Full Article | Press Release

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Substantial Overview on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biological and Physical Properties as an Opportunity in Translational Medicine

The authors explore the exciting opportunities offered by human and animal MSCs, describing relevant biological properties of these cells in the light of the novel emerging evidence mentioned above while addressing the limitations and challenges MSCs are still facing. [Int J Mol Sci] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Potential Therapeutic Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ophthalmology

Investigators discuss pre-clinical and clinical ophthalmology studies where MSCs are applied and various methods of their administration. In addition the safety and efficacy of using bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived MSCs are discussed. [Exp Eye Res] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the mesenchymal cell research field.

ISS National Lab and National Science Foundation Issue Joint Solicitation on Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology

The International Space Station (ISS) US National Laboratory and the National Science Foundation announced their third annual joint solicitation for investigators to leverage the microgravity environment onboard the orbiting laboratory for research in the fields of tissue engineering and mechanobiology. Up to $2 million will be awarded for multiple research investigations to support flight projects to the ISS National Lab. [The Center for the Advancement of Science in Space, Inc.] Press Release

Protein Data Bank at Rutgers Awarded $34.5 Million Grant

The RCSB Protein Data Bank headquartered at Rutgers University-New Brunswick has been awarded $34.5 million in grants over five years from three U.S. government agencies. The funding – an approximately 5 percent increase over the previous five-year period – covers ongoing operations and will expand the reach of the world’s only open-access, digital data resource for the 3D biomolecular structures of life. [Rutgers University-New Brunswick (EurekAlert!)] Press Release

Trainees Often Ghostwrite PIs’ Peer Reviews: Survey

Many graduate students and postdocs write or help compose peer reviews their advisors are invited to provide, according to a survey of nearly 500 early-career researchers published on October 31^st in eLife. And often they do so without disclosing that fact to the journal – a practice that the survey authors consider to be ghostwriting. [The Scientist] Editorial

Trump Nominates MD Anderson’s Stephen Hahn to Lead FDA

President Trump announced his intent to nominate Dr. Stephen Hahn to lead the FDA. Dr Stephen Hahn is the chief medical executive at MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. While he is an accomplished physician and researcher, he has never worked in government, leaving his potential FDA agenda a mystery. [STAT News] Editorial

NEW Gene- and Cell-Based Therapies: CRISPR, Stem Cells, and Beyond
March 2-4, 2020
San Francisco, California, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Researcher – Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells (Yale University School of Medicine)

Faculty Position – Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (Columbia University)

Research Assistant – Stem Cells and Engineering (New York Blood Center)

Researcher – Biomaterials and Stem Cells (National University of Ireland Galway)

Postdoctroal Researcher – CRISPR/Cas9 in Tissue Regeneration (Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

Tenure-Track Positions – Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics (University of Michigan)

Professor Positions – Biomedical Science (The Chinese University of Hong Kong)

Assistant Professor – Cell and Molecular Biology (Boston University)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Stem Cells (University of South Florida)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Proteoglycans in Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis (Drexel University)

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