Exosomes Mediate the Cytoprotective Action of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension Scientists fractionated mouse mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned media to identify the biologically-active component affecting in vivo hypoxic signaling and determined that exosomes suppressed the hypoxic pulmonary influx of macrophages and the induction of pro-inflammatory and pro-proliferative mediators, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and hypoxia-inducible mitogenic factor, in the murine model of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. [Circulation] Abstract | Press Release A Therapeutic Strategy for Metastatic Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma through Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Mediated TRAIL Production To overcome the therapeutic limitations of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), investigators evaluated human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells that secrete tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on metastatic MFH. [Ann Surg] Abstract The Use of Type 1 Collagen Scaffold Containing Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 to Create a Matrix Environment Conducive to Partial-Thickness Cartilage Defects Repair Scientists aimed to create an in situ matrix environment conducive to cartilage-derived mesenchymal stem cells and synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells to promote cartilage self-repair. [Biomaterials] Abstract Adenoviral Vectors Stimulate Glucagon Transcription in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Expressing Pancreatic Transcription Factors Researchers examined whether a viral vector system itself could impact the differentiation capacity of human bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells toward the endocrine lineage. [PLoS One] Full Article Close Interactions between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Neuroblastoma Cell Lines Lead to Tumor Growth Inhibition Scientists aimed to investigate the role of mesenchymal stem cells in the control of the growth of neuroblastoma, which is the second most common solid tumor in children. [PLoS One] Full Article Coordinated Time-Dependent Modulation of AMPK/Akt/mTOR Signaling and Autophagy Controls Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Scientists investigated the role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), autophagy and their interplay in osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells. [Bone] Abstract Vitamin MK-7 Enhances Vitamin D3-Induced Osteogenesis in hMSCs: Modulation of Key Effectors in Mineralization and Vascularization Investigators evaluated the effects of vitamin MK-7, alone or in association with vitamin D3, in differentiating human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro along the osteoblastic lineage. [J Tissue Eng Regen Med] Abstract Tissue Engraftment of Hypoxic-Preconditioned Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Improves Flap Viability Scientists investigated the potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to prevent tissue ischemia. They found conditioned media from hypoxic ASCs had increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and enhanced endothelial cell tubule formation. [Wound Repair Regen] Abstract Arsenic Inhibits the Adipogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Down-Regulating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma and CCAAT Enhancer-Binding Proteins Researchers reported that arsenic inhibits the adipogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Arsenic reduced the formation of lipid droplets and the expression of adipogenesis-related proteins, such as CCAAT enhancer binding protein, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- gamma, and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein aP2. [Toxicol In Vitro] Abstract The Protective Effect of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells against Liver Injury by Trophic Molecules Investigators transplanted adipose-derived stem cells into mice after 70% hepatectomy and ischemia-reperfusion, and observed liver injury and regeneration after reperfusion. [J Surg Res] Abstract |