Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 5.14 | Apr 16 2013

Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive miR-210 Regulates Proliferation and Migration of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells via PTPN2
Hypoxia enhances the proliferation and migration of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, this study primarily investigated whether or not ROS generation could regulate microRNA-210 (miR-210) expression, and increase proliferation/migration of ASCs. Various sources of ROS generation such as hypoxia, antimycin, rotenone, and platelet-derived growth factor-BB upregulated miR-210 expression, and increased the proliferation/migration of ASCs. [Cell Death Dis]
Full Article

AF-MSCs Fate Can Be Regulated by Culture Conditions
In previous studies, scientists isolated and expanded fetal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from second-trimester amniotic fluid (AF) and characterized them based on their phenotype, pluripotency and proteomic profile. In the present study, they investigated the plasticity of these cells based on their differentiation, dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation potential in vitro. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Extracts of Adipose Derived Stem Cells Slows Progression in the R6/2 Model of Huntington’s Disease
Researchers investigated effects of cell-free extracts of adipose-derived stem cell (ASCs-E) on R6/2 HD mouse model and neuronal cells. In R6/2 HD model, injection of ASCs-E improved the performance in Rotarod test. [PLoS One] Full Article

Microvesicles Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Bladder Tumor Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo
Researchers evaluated whether microvesicles (MVs) derived from human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJMSCs) may inhibit bladder tumor T24 cells growth using cell culture and the BALB/c nu/nu mice xenograft model. Their data indicated that hWJMSC-MVs can inhibit T24 cells proliferative viability via cell cycle arrest and induce apoptosis in T24 cells in vitro and in vivo. [PLoS One] Full Article

Differential MicroRNA Signature of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Different Sources Reveals an “Environmental-Niche Memory” for Bone Marrow Stem Cells
To identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that can discriminate among mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), scientists performed a whole-genome comparative miRNA expression profiling analysis on adipose, bone marrow and cord blood derived MSCs, all three considered among the most promising in the field of regenerative medicine. miRNA expression patterns were very similar, meeting their extensive phenotypic and functional overlaps. [Exp Cell Res] Abstract

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Suppress Donor CD4⁺ T Cell Proliferation and Reduce Pathology in a Humanized Mouse Model of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease
A robust humanized mouse model of acute graft-versus-host disease based on delivery of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to non-obese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient interleukin-2rγ^null mice was developed that allowed the exploration of the role of mesenchymal stem or stromal cells in cell therapy. [Clin Exp Immunol] Abstract

Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells for the Reconstruction of a Human Vesical Equivalent
Researchers present in vitro tissue-engineered vesical equivalents, built without the use of any exogenous matrix, able to sustain mechanical stress and to support the formation of a functional urothelium, i.e. able to display a barrier function similar to that of native tissue. [J Tissue Eng Regen M] Abstract

Analysis of Oxygen-Dependent Cytokine Expression in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Umbilical Cord
Investigators analyzed the oxygen-dependent cytokine expression of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord and attempted to link the results to the proliferation and differentiation capacities of these cells. Fibroblast growth factor-7, two growth factor receptors (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and stem cell factor receptor), and two growth-factor-binding proteins (insulin-like growth-factor-binding proteins 3 and 6) were over-expressed under hypoxic conditions, indicating that their signaling pathways participate in cell proliferation. [Cell Tissue Res] Abstract

Role of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in the Aging of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Researchers investigated the effects of largazole or trichostatin A (TSA), a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, against human umbilical cord (hUC)-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) aging. Results showed that low concentrations of largazole or TSA can significantly improve hUC-MSC proliferation and delay hUC-MSCs aging. [J Cell Biochem] Abstract

In Vitro Characterization of Macrophage Interaction with Mesenchymal Stromal Cell – Hyaluronan Hydrogel Constructs
Scientists investigated the interaction between mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, encapsulated in hyaluronan-based hydrogel, and differentiating macrophages as measured by extracellular matrix gene expression and cytokine, chemokine and growth factors concentrations. Following seven days, they identified upregulation of collagen-I, collagen-III, pro-collagen, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 genes compared to control conditions. [J Biomed Mater Res A] Abstract

REVIEWS

Towards Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Neurological Diseases of the Central Nervous System
The authors review the therapeutic features of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) that make them relevant in the treatment of central nervous system illnesses and discuss the pioneer clinical experience with MSC-based therapy in neurological diseases. [J Neuroimmune Pharm] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the mesenchymal cell research field.

Gene Therapy Developed for ALS Treatment: New Biotech Company Neuralgene Enters Evaluation Phase
Neuralgene announced that it will begin animal studies in May to evaluate the efficacy of PRCN-829, its new gene therapy agent for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Neuralgene’s neurotropic AAV-based gene therapy platform for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is based on the stem cell work performed by Jason Williams, M.D., founder and CEO of Neuralgene. “This technology addresses several key aspects of the underlying pathology of ALS,” said Leonardo Gonzalez, M.D., clinical researcher for Neuralgene. “In his stem cell work, Dr. Williams had identified that production of Factor H by fat-derived mesenchymal stem cells may be a key mode of action.” [Neuralgene] Press Release

BrainStorm Partners with Dana-Farber for NurOwn™ Production in Phase II ALS Clinical Trial
BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics announced that Dana-Farber Cancer Institute has entered into an agreement to provide cGMP-compliant clean room facilities for production of BrainStorm’s NurOwn™ stem cell candidate during its upcoming Phase II ALS trial in the USA. NurOwn is an autologous, adult stem cell therapy technology that differentiates bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into specialized, neuron-supporting cells. [BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics] Press Release

Bone Therapeutics and Erasme University Hospital Start Phase IIa Trial in Osteoporosis with its Cell Therapy Product PREOB^®
Bone Therapeutics, announced that its partner, the Rheumatology Department of Erasme University Hospital, has initiated a Phase IIa trial with its lead bone cell therapy product PREOB^® for the treatment of severe osteoporosis patients who do not respond to pharmacological treatment. [Bone Therapeutics S.A.]
Press Release

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Tenure-Track Investigator(s) – Musculoskeletal Biology or Diseases of Bone, Cartilage, or Muscle (National Institutes of Health)

Faculty Position – Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine (University of Washington School of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Positions – Angiogenesis and Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology (Boston University)

Postdoctoral Position – Stem Cell Development (Stony Brook University)

10 PhD Studentships – Aging Research (University Ulm)

Postdoctoral Position – Cardiopulmonary Molecular Biology (Hannover Medical School)

Price Gilbert, Jr. Chair – Regenerative Engineering and Medicine (Georgia Institute of Technology)

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