Human Stem Cell Osteoblastogenesis Mediated by Novel Glycogen Synthase Kinase Three Inhibitors Induces Bone Formation and a Unique Bone Turnover Biomarker Profile in Rats To understand the wnt pathway related to human disease translation, the ability of three potent inhibitors of GSK-3 to drive osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSC) in vitro; and stimulate rat bone formation in vivo was investigated. GSK-3 inhibitors caused ß-catenin stabilization in human and rat mesenchymal stem cells, stimulated hADSC commitment towards osteoblasts and osteogenic mineralization in vitro. [Toxicol Appl Pharmacol] Full Article Gingivae Contain Neural-Crest- and Mesoderm-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Researchers showed that around 90% of gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are derived from cranial neural crest cells (CNCC) and 10% from the mesoderm. In comparison with mesoderm MSCs, CNCC-derived GMSCs showed an elevated capacity to differentiate into neural cells and chondrocytes and induce activated T-cell apoptosis in vitro. [J Dent Res] Abstract Quantitative Assessment of the Yield of Osteoblastic Connective Tissue Progenitors in Bone Marrow Aspirate from the Iliac Crest, Tibia, and Calcaneus Researchers determined which anatomic location yields the highest number of osteoblastic progenitor cells. Bone marrow aspirate collected from the iliac crest had a higher mean concentration of osteoblastic progenitor cells compared with the distal aspect of the tibia or the calcaneus. [J Bone Joint Surg Am] Abstract CXCR4-Mediated Osteosarcoma Growth and Pulmonary Metastasis Is Promoted by Mesenchymal Stem Cells through VEGF Scientists co-injected human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and human osteosarcoma cell line 9607-F5M2 (F5M2) cells into the caudal vein of nude mice. Using Transwell assays, they found that F5M2 cells migrate towards MSCs, while the chemokines and chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) inhibitor AMD3100 decreased the migration potential of F5M2 cells towards MSCs. [Oncol Rep] Abstract Noggin Resistance Contributes to the Potent Osteogenic Capability of BMP9 in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Researchers investigated the effect of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist noggin on BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation. BMP antagonists noggin, chording, gremlin, follistatin, and BMP3 are highly expressed in mesenchymal stem cells, while noggin and follistatin are lowly expressed in more differentiated pre-osteoblast C2C12 cells. [J Orthop Res] Abstract Hypoxia Induces Osteogenesis in Rabbit Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Overexpressing Bone Morphogenic Protein-2 Scientists investigated the coeffect of hypoxic culture conditions and bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) overexpression on the osteogenic ability of rabbit adipose-derived stem cells in vitro. Cells under hypoxic conditions attached better within 12 hours and proliferated faster. While BMP-2 overexpression and hypoxic condition separately elevated the transcription of key osteogenic and angiogenic genes, a cooperative effect was observed to enhance the upregulation of osteogenic as well as angiogenic genes. [Oral Dis] Abstract Conditional Radioresistance of tet-Inducible Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Lines Researchers developed a tet-regulated MnSOD mouse (MnSODtet) to examine the detailed relationship between cellular MnSOD concentration and radioresistance and carried out in vitro studies using bone marrow culture derived stromal cell lines (mesenchymal stem cells). Homozygous MnSODtet/tet cells had low levels of MnSOD, reduced viability and proliferation, increased radiosensitivity, elevated overall antioxidant stores, and defects in cell proliferation and DNA strand-break repair. [Radiat Res] Abstract Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Subacromial Bursa: Potential for Cell Based Tendon Tissue Engineering Investigators isolated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bursa tissue associated with rotator cuff tendons and characterized them for multilineage differentiation in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the cells isolated from bursa tissue exhibited MSCs characteristics as evidenced the expression of putative cell surface markers attributed to MSCs. The cells exhibited high proliferative capacity and differentiated toward cells of mesenchymal lineages with high efficiency. [Tissue Eng Part A] Abstract In Vivo Bone Regeneration Using Tubular Perfusion System Bioreactor Cultured Nanofibrous Scaffolds The authors utilized a tubular perfusion system (TPS) bioreactor for the in vitro culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and implant the cultured constructs into rat femoral condyle defects. Using nanofibrous electrospun PLGA/PCL scaffolds, hMSCs were cultured for ten days in vitro in the TPS bioreactor with cellular and acellular scaffolds cultured statically for ten days as a control. [Tissue Eng Part A] Abstract A Simple Method for Deriving Functional MSCs and Applied for Osteogenesis in 3D Scaffolds Scientists describe a simple method for bone engineering using biodegradable scaffolds with mesenchymal stem cells derived from human induced-pluripotent stem cells (hiPS-MSCs). The hiPS-MSCs expressed mesenchymal markers, possessed multipotency characterized by tri-lineages differentiation: osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic, and lost pluripotency – as seen with the loss of markers OCT3/4 an TRA-1-81 – and tumorigenicity. [Sci Rep] Full Article |