Protein Kinase Inhibitor ? Reciprocally Regulates Osteoblast and Adipocyte Differentiation by Downregulating Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Investigators determined whether endogenous levels of Pkig regulate osteoblast differentiation. Pkig is the primary family member in MEFs, murine marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and human mesenchymal stem cells. Pkig deletion increased forskolin-dependent nuclear PKA activation and gene expression and Pkig deletion or knockdown increased osteoblast differentiation. [Stem Cells] Abstract Withaferin A: A Proteasomal Inhibitor Promotes Healing after Injury and Exerts Anabolic Effect on Osteoporotic Bone Researchers showed that one of the withanolides, withaferin A acts as a proteasomal inhibitor and binds to specific catalytic ß subunit of the 20S proteasome. It exerts positive effect on osteoblasts by increasing osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article Rutaecarpine Analogues Reduce Lipid Accumulation in Adipocytes via Inhibiting Adipogenesis/Lipogenesis with AMPK Activation and UPR Suppression Rutaecarpine and its novel analogues were identified to exert potent effect in reducing lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with little cytotoxicity. [ACS Chem Biol] Abstract Systemic Administration of Exosomes Released from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Promote Functional Recovery and Neurovascular Plasticity after Stroke in Rats Scientists tested a novel hypothesis that systemic treatment of stroke with exosomes derived from multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells promote neurovascular remodeling and functional recovery after stroke in rats. [J Cereb Blood Flow Metab] Full Article | Press Release Inflammatory Cytokines Induce an Unique Mineralizing Phenotype in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Bone Marrow Little is known of the biological responses of human mesenchymal stem cells to inflammatory conditions. When cultured with IL-1ß, marrow-derived MSCs from eight of ten human subjects deposited copious hydroxyapatite, whose authenticity was confirmed by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. [J Biol Chem] Abstract | Full Article Hypoxia Promotes Redifferentiation and Suppresses Markers of Hypertrophy and Degeneration in Both Healthy and Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes Researchers assessed whether healthy and osteoarthritis chondrocytes have distinct responses to oxygen, particularly with regard to hypertrophy and degradation during redifferentiation. [Arthritis Res Ther] Abstract | Full Article Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonist and siRNA Prevent Senescence of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro Scientists investigated the effects mediated by glucocorticoid receptor (GR) blockage by using RU486, a GR antagonist and GR short interfering RNA (GR siRNA) on the proliferative and differentiation capabilities of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and on their senescence and antioxidant levels during extended in vitro culture. [Cell Tissue Res] Abstract Regulation of Differentiation in Trabecular Bone-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by T Cell Activation and Inflammation Scientists investigated the effects of T cell activation and inflammation on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. [Oncol Rep] Abstract Gene Expression Responses to Mechanical Stimulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded on Calcium Phosphate Cement Scientists investigated the molecular responses of human mesenchymal stem cells to loading with a model that attempts to closely mimic the physiological mechanical loading of bone, using monetite calcium phosphate scaffolds to mimic the biomechanical properties of bone and a bioreactor to induce appropriate load and strain. [Tissue Eng Part A] Abstract |