Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 6.34 | Sep 9 2014

The Kynurenine Pathway of Tryptophan Degradation Is Activated During Osteoblastogenesis
Using microarray expression analysis, investigators found that IFNγ upregulates a set of genes associated with a tryptophan degradation pathway, known as the kynurenine pathway, in osteogenic differentiating human mesenchymal stem cells. They hypothesized that activation of the kynurenine pathway plays a role in osteoblastogenesis even in the absence of IFNγ. [Stem Cells] Abstract

Adiponectin Regulates Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Niche through a Unique Signal Transduction Pathway – An Approach for Treating Bone Disease in Diabetes
Scientists found that adiponectin (APN) regulates the mobilization and recruitment of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to participate in tissue repair and regeneration. APN facilitated BMSCs migrating from the bone marrow into the circulation to regenerate bone by regulating stromal cell-derived factor-1 in a mouse bone defect model. [Stem Cells] Abstract

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exert Anti-Proliferative Effect on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated BV2 Microglia by Reducing Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Levels
Investigators describe the mechanism through which bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells modulate the proliferative responses of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglia. [J Neuroinflammation] Full Article

Induction of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation and Cartilage Formation by Cross-Linker-Free Collagen Microspheres
Human mesenchymal stem cells rapidly adhered to transforming growth factor beta-β3-loaded microspheres and, after 21 days of culture, exhibited typical chondrocyte morphology and produced an uncalcified matrix made of the predominant cartilage components, aggrecan and type II collagen, but devoid of the hypertrophic marker type X collagen. [Eur Cell Mater] Abstract | Full Article

Improvement in Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Bladder Fibrosis Using Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation into the Bladder Wall
Researchers investigated the effect of B10 human mesenchymal stem cells directly transplanted into the bladder wall of spinal cord injury (SCI) rats and to determine whether they are capable of inhibiting collagen deposition and improving cystometric parameters in SCI rats. [Cell Transplant] Abstract | Press Release

Interleukin 7 Plays a Role in T Lymphocyte Apoptosis Inhibition Driven by Mesenchymal Stem Cell without Favoring Proliferation and Cytokines Secretion
Investigators confirmed the effect of human mesenchymal stem cells on lymphocytes proliferation and survival. They also show that the impairment of lymphocyte proliferation and apoptosis is contact-independent and occurs in a prostaglandin-independent manner. [PLoS One] Full Article

Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Enhanced Mesenchymal Stem Cell Recruitment through Stromal Derived Factor-1 Signaling in Fracture Healing
Researchers examined the effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells and the pivotal role of stromal cell-derived factor-1/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 pathway in response to LIPUS stimulation, which are essential factors in bone fracture healing. [PLoS One] Full Article

Priming Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells with ROCK Inhibitor Improves Recovery in an Intracerebral Hemorrhage Model
A strategy of priming mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) with fasudil, a Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, was investigated using Wharton’s jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) to improve recovery in a rat model of intracranial hemorrhage. In vitro culture of WJ-MSCs by co-treatment with fasudil and CoCl₂ provoked morphological changes of WJ-MSCs into neuron-like cells and increased the expression of neuronal markers. [J Cell Biochem] Abstract

Effects of Low Level Laser Therapy on Attachment, Proliferation, and Gene Expression of VEGF and VEGF Receptor 2 of Adipocyte-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cultivated under Nutritional Deficiency
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been shown to increase the proliferation of several cell types. Scientists evaluated the effects of LLLT on adhesion, proliferation, and gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and type 2 receptor of VEGF (VEGFR2) of mesenchymal stem cells from human and rat adipose tissues on nutritional deficiencies. [Laser Med Sci] Abstract

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BrainStorm Granted European Patent Covering Its Stem Cells for the Treatment of CNS Diseases
BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics announced that the European Patent Office has granted the company patent number EP1893747, entitled “Isolated Cells and Populations Comprising Same for the Treatment of CNS Diseases.” This patent covers a method of production of the company’s proprietary NurOwn™ technology, which consists of mesenchymal stem cells induced to secrete large quantities of neurotrophic factors, for use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. [BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics, Inc.] Press Release

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NEW Postdoctoral Position – Epigenetic Changes in Osteoporosis and Aging (RWTH Aachen University Medical School)

Postdoctoral Position – Intestinal Immunology (BSRC Fleming)

Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Scientist (UHN Arthritis Program)

Researcher – Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Adult Stem/Stromal Cells from Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissue (Etablissement Français du Sang Pyrénées-Méditerranée)

PhD Position – Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Biology (Dublin City University)

Postdoctoral Position – Biomaterials/Cartilage Regeneration (Peking University)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Developing Applications of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital)

Scientist – Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cell Biology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Myogenic Progenitor Cell Biology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Pluripotent Stem Cell Media Development, High Throughput Screening (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Cell Culture Support Products (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Immunology/Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Associate – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

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