Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 8.00 | Jan 5 2016

TNF-α Inhibits FoxO1 by Up-Regulating MiR-705 to Aggravate Oxidative Damage in Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Osteoporosis
Researchers found that forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) protein accumulation was decreased in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) of ovariectomized mice. The decrease of FoxO1 resulted in the suppression of manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase expression and accumulation of reactive oxygen species, inhibiting the osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. [Stem Cells] Abstract

Adenosinergic Immunosuppression by Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) Requires Co-Operation with T Cells
The authors demonstrated that adenosine is actively produced from adenosine 5′-monophosphate by CD73 on MSCs and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles. [Stem Cells] Abstract

Apocynin Suppression of NADPH Oxidase Reverses the Aging Process in Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Promote Osteogenesis and Increase Bone Mass
Scientists suppressed the expression of NOX using apocynin, an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger, and the results showed that aging bone marrow stromal cells exhibited an enhanced potential for osteogenesis. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Suppresses Osteogenic Differentiation of MSCs by Inhibiting Semaphorin 3B via Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Estrogen-Deficiency-Induced Osteoporosis
Scientists identified a novel mechanism whereby tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, suppressing Semaphorin3B expression contributes to estrogen-deficiency-induced osteoporosis. They found that TNF-α could decrease Semaphorin3B expression in osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). [Bone] Abstract

Activin Receptor-Like Kinase Receptors ALK5 and ALK1 Are Both Required for TGFβ-Induced Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
ALK5 and ALK1 were expressed in in vitro-expanded as well as in pellet-cultured bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from five donors, but mRNA levels of both transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) receptors did not clearly associate with chondrogenic induction. [PLoS One] Full Article

Target Disruption of Ribosomal Protein pNO40 Accelerates Aging and Impairs Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Investigators established a mouse model of mesenchymal stem cell aging through pNO40-targeted depletion and demonstrated the effects of loss of pNO40 on bone homeostasis. [Biochem Biophys Res Commun] Abstract

IN VIVO

Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Precondition Lung Monocytes/Macrophages to Produce Tolerance against Allo- and Autoimmunity in the Eye
Investigators demonstrated that i.v. infusion of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells preconditioned lung monocytes/macrophages toward an immune regulatory phenotype in a TNF-α–stimulated gene/protein-6–dependent manner. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract

Allogeneic Guinea Pig Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Neurological Changes in Experimental Colitis
The authors aimed to isolate and characterize guinea pig mesenchymal stem cells and then test their therapeutic potential for the treatment of enteric neuropathy associated with intestinal inflammation. [Stem Cell Res Ther] Full Article

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Anika Therapeutics, Inc. Announces First Patient Enrolled in FastTRACK Phase III HYALOFAST^® Study
Anika Therapeutics, Inc. announced the enrollment of the first patient in its pivotal HYALOFAST^® FastTRACK Phase III clinical study. [Anika Therapeutics, Inc.] Press Release

AlloSource Receives Patent for AlloStem Cellular Bone Allograft
AlloSource^® has been awarded a patent for its flagship regenerative medicine product, AlloStem^® Cellular Bone Allograft. [AlloSource^®] Press Release

From our sponsor: Learn about applications of ALDHbr cells in regenerative medicine. Watch the video.

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NEW Stem Cell Scientist and Postdoctoral Positions (National Center for Advancing Translational Science)

NEW Postdoctoral Positions – Human Stem Cells and Heart Regenerative Medicine (University of Pittsburgh)

NEW PhD Studentship – Aging Research (Cologne Graduate School of Aging Research)

Doctoral Fellow – Stem Cell Research (Uniklinik Koln)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Stem Cell Biology/Genome Engineering (Amgen)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease (University Health Network)

Postdoctoral Position – Heart Regenerative Medicine (Karolinska Institutet)

Postdoctoral Position – Organogenesis and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (University of Southern California)

Postdoctoral Fellows – Cardiovascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

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