Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 8.41 | Oct 18 2016

TOP STORY

Chemokine-Like Receptor 1 (CMKLR1) Is a Novel Wnt Target Gene That Regulates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation

The authors found a fundamental biological function for chemerin/CMKLR1 to balance osteoblastogenic and adipogenic signaling and thereby contribute to the maintenance of pluripotency in mesenchymal stem cells. [Stem Cells] Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

IN VITRO

Bistable Epigenetic States Explain Age-Dependent Decline in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Heterogeneity

Researchers provide evidence that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) heterogeneity is associated with bistable epigenetic states and suggest that MSCs are subject to permanent state fluctuations. [Stem Cells] Abstract

Extracellular Matrix-Coated Composite Scaffolds Promote Mesenchymal Stem Cell Persistence and Osteogenesis

The authors tested the capacity of extracellular matrix (ECM)-coated composite scaffolds to promote cell persistence and resultant osteogenesis. Human mesenchymal stem cell cultured on ECM-coated scaffolds exhibited increased metabolic activity and decreased apoptosis compared to uncoated scaffolds. [Biomacromolecules] Abstract

TGFβ1 – Induced Recruitment of Human Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Is Mediated by the Primary Cilium in a SMAD3-Dependent Manner

Researchers demonstrated that low levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) induce the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells, which relies on proper formation of the cilium. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Double-Layered Cell Transfer Technology for Bone Regeneration

Investigators have developed a novel method of cell manipulation called “cell transfer technology”, enabling the transfer of cultured cells onto scaffold materials, and controlling cell topology. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells from periodontal ligaments and osteoblasts, using double-layered cell transfer significantly enhanced bone formation, when compared to single cell type transplantation. [Sci Rep] Full Article | Press Release

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Myeloid Biased Multipotent Hematopoietic Progenitor Expansion via Toll-Like Receptor Engagement

Investigators tested the hypothesis that extracellular vesicles released by mesenchymal stromal cells contribute to the paracrine crosstalk that shapes hematopoietic function. [J Biol Chem] Abstract | Full Article

Increased Chondrogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Cells from Adipose Tissue versus Bone Marrow Derived Cells in Osteoarthritic In Vitro Models

Scientists compared the behavior of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue in an osteoarthritic (OA) microenvironment; secondly, they investigated the reaction of these cell types in two alternative in vitro culture systems, obtained by using TNFα and/or IL1β as inflammation mediators, or by using synovial fluid harvested by OA patients to simulate the complex inflamed knee microenvironment. [J Cell Physiol] Abstract

Endogenous DKK1 and FRZB Regulate Chondrogenesis and Hypertrophy in 3D Cultures of Human Chondrocytes and Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

The authors investigated the role of endogenously expressed Dickkopf 1 homolog (DKK1) and frizzled-related protein (FRZB) in chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), chondrocyte redifferentiation and in preventing cell hypertrophy using three relevant human cell based systems, isolated hMSCs, isolated primary human chondrocytes (hChs), and co-cultures of hMSCs with hChs for which we specifically designed neutralizing nano-antibodies. [Stem Cells Dev] Abstract

Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Three-Dimensional Chitosan Film Culture

Investigators found that mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)/S6 Kinase(S6K) signaling was required for chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in chitosan film culture through rapamycin treatment and mTOR knockdown. [Cell Transplant] Full Article

IN VIVO

Increased Survival and Cell Cycle Progression Pathways Are Required for EWS/FLI1-Induced Malignant Transformation

The authors used mesenchymal Prx1-directed conditional EWS/FLI1 (EF) expression in mice to study bone development and to establish a reliable sarcoma model. EF expression arrested early chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation due to changed signaling pathways such as hedgehog, WNT or growth factor signaling. Mesenchymal stem cells expressing EF showed high self-renewal capacity and maintained an undifferentiated state despite high apoptosis. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Systemic Delivery of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells for In Situ Intervertebral Disc Regeneration

Researchers addressed systemic transplantation of allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) intravenously into a rat intervertebral disc lesion model, exploring tissue regeneration via cell signaling to the lesion site. [Stem Cells Transl Med] Abstract

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Effects on Self-Renewal, Commitment and Functions

The authors discuss the data available on tyrosine kinase inhibitors effects on the metabolism and functions of mesenchymal stromal cells. [Oncotarget] Full Article

Recent Discoveries Concerning the Tumor – Mesenchymal Stem Cell Interactions

The goal of this review is to synthesize recent and emerging discoveries concerning the mechanisms by which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be attracted to tumor sites, how they can generate cancer associated fibroblasts CAFs and by which way MSCs are able to modulate the growth, response to treatments, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis of tumors. [Biochim Biophys Acta] Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the mesenchymal cell research field.

Cynata’s MSC Technology Demonstrates Significant Efficacy in Preclinical Asthma Study

Cynata Therapeutics Limited announced that it has received compelling data from a proof of concept study of its Cymerus™ mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in an experimental model of asthma. [Cynata Therapeutics Limited] Press Release

Iowa State Nets $9.6 Million to Increase STEM Diversity, Prepare Future Faculty

Iowa State University has received nearly $10 million in funding from the National Science Foundation to improve diversity in both the professional STEM workforce and academia. [Iowa State University] Press Release

U.S. and Cuban Biomedical Researchers are Free to Collaborate

The U.S. Department of the Treasury has authorized U.S. scientists to freely collaborate with Cuban counterparts on everything from cancer therapies to combating the Zika virus. [Science Insider] Editorial

NEW Cell & Gene Therapy World
January 18-20, 2017
Miami, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Stem Cells & Cartilage Development/Disease (Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School)

NEW Staff Scientist/Research Assistant II – Musculoskeletal Tissue Development (Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School)

Research Associate – Mesenchymal (STEMCELL Technologies, Inc.)

Postdoctoral Fellowship(s) – Multiple Laboratories (Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute)

Postdoctoral Position – Gene Therapy (UC Davis)

Faculty Position – Pluripotent Stem Cell Research (Stanford University)

Early Stage Researchers – Controlling Cartilage to Bone Transitions for Improved Treatment of Bone Defects and Osteoarthritis (Various Employers)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Role of Stromal Mesenchymal Cells in Tissue Injury/Repair (Institut Pasteur)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Subpopulations of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissue Sources (University of Miami)

Faculty Positions – Various Areas (Jackson Laboratory)

Postdoctoral Fellow/Scientist – Osteoblast Biology (Michigan State University)

Postdoctoral Position – Bone and Stem Cell Research (University of Connecticut Health)

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