Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 9.05 | Feb 7 2017

TOP STORY

Parathyroid Hormone Directs Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Cell Fate

The authors genetically deleted the parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTHrP receptor in mesenchymal stem cells using Prx1Cre and found low bone formation, increased bone resorption, and high bone marrow adipose tissue. Bone marrow adipocytes traced to Prx1 and expressed classic adipogenic markers and high receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand expression. [Cell Metab] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

IN VITRO

Identification of Bone Marrow-Derived Soluble Factors Regulating Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration

Scientists demonstrated a systematic approach to identify soluble factors of interest extracted from human bone marrow and used them in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) culture for tissue regeneration. They found that lipocalin-2 and prolactin are key factors in bone marrow, involved in regulating BMSC activities. [Stem Cell Reports] Full Article | Press Release

Extracellular Vesicle-Shuttled mRNA in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Communication

Researchers investigated gene-based communication mechanisms in extracellular vesicles (EVs) generated by bone marrow and umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Both MSC types released vesicles with similar physical properties, although cord blood MSC were able to secrete EVs with faster kinetics. [Stem Cells] Abstract

Proteasomal IDO Degradation Reduces the Immunosuppressive Potential of Clinical Grade-Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Undergoing Replicative Senescence

Investigators directly address the consequences of replicative senescence on bone marrow-mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) and adipose tissue immunomodulatory properties. They demonstrate that MSCs produced according to GMP procedures inhibited less efficiently T-cell, but not NK- and B-cell, proliferation after reaching senescence. [Stem Cells] Abstract

Notch Activation Enhances Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheet Osteogenic Potential by Inhibition of Cellular Senescence

Researchers tested whether Notch activation could be used to prevent or delay sheet culture-induced cell aging. Their results showed that, during in vitro long-term cell sheet culture, mesenchymal stem cells progressively lose their progenitor characteristics. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

WNT/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway Regulates Non-Tumorigenesis of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Co-Cultured with Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells

A previous study indicated that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSC) can be adopted as non-teratogenenic feeders for human embryonic stem cells (hESC). The authors describe the mechanism of non-tumorigenesis of a feeder system. In contrast with the mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder, HUCMSC down-regulated the WNT/β-catenin/c-myc signaling in hESC. [Sci Rep] Full Article

miRNA-1246 Induces Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells by Regulating PKA and PP2A

Investigators identified six putative oncomiRs in a breast cancer dataset, all strongly correlating with poor overall patient survival. Out of the six candidates, miR-1246 was upregulated in aggressive breast cancer subtypes and expressed at highest levels in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. [Oncotarget] Full Article

IN VIVO

Oral Administration of Conditioned Medium Obtained from Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture Prevents Subsequent Stricture Formation after Esophageal Submucosal Dissection in Pigs

Scientists evaluated whether conditioned medium (CM) could prevent esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). They resected a semi-circumference of pig esophagus by ESD. CM gel prevented esophageal stricture formation by suppressing myofibroblast activation and fibrosis after the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages. [Gastrointest Endosc] Abstract

Human Olfactory Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Transplants Promote Remyelination and Earlier Improvement in Gait Co-Ordination after Spinal Cord Injury

Researchers studied the repair potential of mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from the human olfactory mucosa after transplantation into a rodent model of incomplete spinal cord injury. Investigation of peripheral type remyelination at the injury site using immunocytochemistry, showed a more extensive distribution in transplanted compared with control animals. [Glia] Abstract | Full Article

Repair of Bone Defects with Prefabricated Vascularized Bone Grafts and Double-Labeled Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Rat Model

This study aimed to investigate the repair of bone defects with prefabricated vascularized bone grafts and double-labeled bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in a rat model. BMSCs-red fluorescent protein and BMSCs-green fluorescent protein were induced into endothelial progenitor cells and osteoblasts. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Loaded Fibrin Patches Act as a Reservoir of Paracrine Factors in Chronic Myocardial Infarction

In vivo cardiac magnetic resonance and ex vivo high-spatial resolution CMR were used to track the fate of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell delivered on an epicardial scaffold and more specifically assess their potential intramyocardial migration. Cardiac functional parameters of cell-treated groups yielded significantly better outcomes than the SHAM group. [J Tissue Eng Regen Med] Abstract

Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Key Players in Cancer Progression

The authors focus on the role of mesenchymal stem cells in tumor development at various stages of progression from growth of the primary tumor to the establishment of distant metastasis. [Mol Cancer] Full Article

Cellular Reprogramming for Clinical Cartilage Repair

Two distinct approaches-induced pluripotent stem cell-mediated reprogramming and direct lineage conversion-are analyzed and compared according to criteria that encompass the qualification of the method and the derived chondrocytes for the purpose of clinical application. [Cell Biol Toxicol] Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the mesenchymal cell research field.

Acelity Completes Sale of Lifecell to Allergan

Acelity L.P. Inc. announced that it has completed the sale of its regenerative medicine business unit, LifeCell Corporation, to Allergan for $2.9 billion in cash. [Acelity L.P. Inc.] Press Release

Antibe Therapeutics Announces the Launch of PentOS OI^™ Max, Its Newest Bone Graft Substitute for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Antibe Therapeutics Inc. announced that its subsidiary Citagenix Inc. has launched PentOS OI^™ Max for the dental biologics market. PentOS OI^™ Max is the newest member of the PentOS OI^™ family of bone grafts for oral and maxillofacial surgery. [Antibe Therapeutics Inc.] Press Release

Study Retraction Reignites Concern over China’s Possible Use of Prisoner Organs

A journal has decided to retract a 2016 study because of concerns that its data on the safety of liver transplantation involved organs sourced from executed prisoners in China. The action, taken despite a denial by the study’s authors that such organs were used, comes after clinical ethicist Wendy Rogers of Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia, and colleagues authored a letter to the editor of Liver International, calling for the paper’s retraction in the “absence of credible evidence of ethical sourcing of organs.” [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Biotech Bosses Protest Trump’s Travel Ban

In a letter published in Nature Biotechnology, 166 biotech execs leveled a blast at Trump’s travel ban, now stayed at least temporarily by a court ruling, saying that it strikes at the heart of the industry’s ability to recruit the best and brightest staff from all over the world while raising deep seated fears among all their staffers from outside the US. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW hPSC Training Course: Reprogramming, Maintenance and Reversion to Naive-Like State
April 24-26, 2017
Vancouver, Canada

NEW Reversion of Primed hPSCs to Naive-Like State Training Course
April 25-26, 2017
Vancouver, Canada

NEW Innovations in Cancer Research and Regenerative Medicine
September 10-13, 2017
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

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NEW Faculty Position – Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine (Seattle Children’s Research Institute)

Postdoctoral Researchers – Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering (National University of Ireland, Galway)

Postdoctoral Positions – Cancer Proteomics & Bioinformatics (University of British Columbia)

Faculty Positions – Bone Biology (Vanderbilt Department of Medicine)

Senior Scientist – Discovery Oncology (Genentech Research)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Skeletal Biology (University of Pennsylvania)

Tenure-Track Faculty Positions – Department of Biomedical Sciences (University of Pennsylvania)

Visiting Assistant Professor – Biology (Molecular or Cellular)

Principle Investigator – Mechanobiology Institute (University of Singapore)

Postdoctoral Research Associate – Stem Cell Biology (University of Nebraska)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Scleroderma (Hospital for Special Surgery)

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