Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 9.06 | Feb 14 2017

TOP STORY

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Induce Nitric Oxide Synthase-Dependent Differentiation of CD11b⁺ Cells That Expedite Hematopoietic Recovery

The authors unveiled an interaction by which bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells induce the rapid differentiation of CD11b⁺ myeloid cells from bone marrow progenitors. Such an activity requires the expression of nitric oxide synthase-2. The administration of these mesenchymal stromal cells-educated CD11b⁺ cells accelerated hematopoietic reconstitution in bone marrow transplant recipients. [Haematologica] Full Article

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

IN VITRO

FOXO1-Suppressed miR-424 Regulates the Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of MSCs by Targeting FGF2 under Oxidative Stress

Researchers identified that the downregulation of miR-424 mediates bone formation under oxidative stress, and they explored its underlying mechanism. Their results showed that miR-424 was significantly downregulated in an anterior lumbar interbody fusion model of pigs and in a cell model of oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Let-7a-Transfected Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension by Suppressing Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Growth through STAT3-BMPR2 Signaling

Scientists investigated the effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based let-7a for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). MSC transplantation enhanced let-7a levels in monocrotaline-induced PAH rats. When co-cultured with MSC-let-7a, hypoxia-triggered pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation was attenuated, concomitant with the decrease in cell proliferation-associated proteins. [Stem Cell Res Ther] Full Article

Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Aristolochia bracteolata Supplementation through Enhanced Runx2 Expression

The phenotypic characteristics of human gingival derived mesenchymal stem cells on induction with total methanol extract of A. bracteolata were evaluated. Osteogenic differentiation of the cultured cells was assessed by studying the calcium deposition and osteoblastic gene expression. [J Cell Physiol] Abstract

Activation of NF-κB-Autophagy Axis by 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate Commits Dental Mesenchymal Cells to Apoptosis

This study aimed to determine whether autophagy is activated by 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and further explore the function of autophagy during the HEMA-induced apoptosis of dental mesenchymal cells (DMCs). Researchers exposed DMCs to different concentrations of HEMA. They showed that HEMA exposure increased autophagic vacuoles and the expression of autophagic biomarkers. [Toxicol Sci] Abstract

Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Properties of Feline Mesenchymal Stem Cells

The goals of the study were to characterize the expression of genes known to be involved in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)-based immunomodulation and determine the effect of MSC on proliferation of T-cells in co-culture experiments with PBMC. [Stem Cells Dev] Abstract

IN VIVO

Biomechanical Forces Promote Immune Regulatory Function of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Scientists showed that wall shear stress (WSS) typical of fluid frictional forces present on the vascular lumen stimulates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mediators, as well as chemokines capable of immune cell recruitment. Ex vivo conditioning of mesenchymal stromal cells by WSS improved therapeutic efficacy in a rat model of traumatic brain injury, as evidenced by decreased apoptotic and M1-type activated microglia in the hippocampus. [Stem Cells] Abstract

Amelioration of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis through Transplantation of Placental Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

To investigate whether placental derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) share similar characteristics with embryonic mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs), and if transplanted PMSCs have the ability to integrate and replace degenerated neural cells, investigators transplanted rat PMSCs and EMSCs into the central nervous system of Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis. [Sci Rep] Full Article

A Novel Rat Fibrosarcoma Cell Line from Transformed Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Maintained In Vitro and In Vivo Stemness Properties

The authors report on the characteristics of a bone marrow-derived rat mesenchymal stem cell line that spontaneously transformed in long-term culture. The rat transformed mesenchymal stem cells produced soft-tissue fibrosarcomas in immunocompromised mice and immunocompetent rats. [Exp Cell Res] Abstract

Therapeutic Benefits of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in a Rat Model of Hemoglobin-Induced Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were transplanted intracerebrally into rats six hours after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH). The MSCs-treated HICH group showed better performance on behavioral scores and lower brain water content compared to controls. MSCs reduced not only levels of CD68, Iba1 and pro-inflammatory factors, but it also inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and peroxynitrite formation in perihematomal regions. [Mol Cells] Abstract | Full Article (Download)

Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Functional Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Taking Cues from Chondrocyte-Based Constructs

The use of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage tissue engineering has emerged as a promising cell source due to their ease of isolation, capacity to readily expand in culture, and ability to undergo lineage-specific differentiation into chondrocytes. The authors present a concise review on modulating stem cell behavior, tissue development and function using well-developed techniques from chondrocyte-based cartilage tissue engineering. [Stem Cells Transl Med] Full Article

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Glimmer of Hope in Treating Alzheimer’s Disease

The revolutionary discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has shed new light on the development of disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer’s disease, owing to their potential in delivering the therapeutic agents to the brain. The merit of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as therapeutic delivery vehicles, and the proven therapeutic effects of the EVs derived from these cells, make researchers esteem MSCs as ideal producers of EVs. [Int Immunol] Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the mesenchymal cell research field.

BioRestorative Therapies Receives FDA Clearance to Initiate Phase II Clinical Trial for the Treatment of Patients with Degenerative Disc Disease

BioRestorative Therapies, Inc. announced that it has received clearance by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to commence a Phase II clinical trial using its lead cell therapy candidate, BRTX-100, to treat chronic lower back pain due to degenerative disc disease related to protruding/bulging discs. [BioRestorative Therapies, Inc.] Press Release

DePuy Synthes Launches ViviGen Formable^™ Cellular Bone Matrix

DePuy Synthes, in collaboration with LifeNet Health^®, launched ViviGen Formable^™ Cellular Bone Matrix, a second generation cellular allograft used to assist in the formation of bone during spinal fusion surgery. [DePuy Synthes] Press Release

US Science Advisers Outline Path to Genetically Modified Babies

Modified human embryos should be allowed if researchers meet strict criteria, says long-awaited National Academies report. [Nature News] Editorial

German Scientists Regain Access to Elsevier Journals

A stand-off in which dozens of German universities declined to pay for access to journals from publishing giant Elsevier has been partially resolved. [Nature News] Editorial

Debate Erupts over Plan to Create Another Online Destination for Biology Preprints

A plan to create a new repository for biomedical and biology preprints has earned the endorsement of nearly a dozen major science funders, including government agencies, major foundations, and research charities. But it also has sparked a debate about whether an existing preprint repository, bioRxiv.org, should be the natural home for such material. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Lawsuit Aims to Force USDA to Repost Scrubbed Animal Welfare Records

Put the records back on the internet. That’s the demand made in a lawsuit filed against the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) by an animal law expert at Harvard University, together with the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals and several other animal welfare groups. The plaintiffs allege that USDA violated the federal Freedom of Information Act when it removed thousands of animal welfare inspection reports and other records from a publicly accessible website. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW Advances in Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine
May 23-26, 2017
Heidelberg, Germany

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Associate/Assistant Professor(s) – Biomedical Sciences (The Chinese University of Hong Kong)

Faculty Position – Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine (Seattle Children’s Research Institute)

Postdoctoral Researchers – Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering (National University of Ireland, Galway)

Postdoctoral Positions – Cancer Proteomics & Bioinformatics (University of British Columbia)

Faculty Positions – Bone Biology (Vanderbilt Department of Medicine)

Senior Scientist – Discovery Oncology (Genentech Research)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Skeletal Biology (University of Pennsylvania)

Tenure-Track Faculty Positions – Department of Biomedical Sciences (University of Pennsylvania)

Visiting Assistant Professor – Biology (Molecular or Cellular)

Principle Investigator – Mechanobiology Institute (University of Singapore)

Postdoctoral Research Associate – Stem Cell Biology (University of Nebraska)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Scleroderma (Hospital for Special Surgery)

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