Mesenchymal Cell News 9.18 May 9, 2017 | |
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TOP STORYLeptin-Receptor-Expressing Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Are Myofibroblasts in Primary Myelofibrosis Using genetic fate mapping, scientists found that bone marrow leptin receptor-expressing mesenchymal stromal lineage cells expanded extensively and were the fibrogenic cells in primary myelofibrosis. These stromal cells downregulated the expression of key hematopoietic-stem-cell-supporting factors and upregulated genes associated with fibrosis and osteogenesis, indicating fibrogenic conversion. [Nat Cell Biol] Abstract | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)IN VITROInvestigators developed a functional electrospun silk fibroin nanofibrous scaffold functionalized with two-stage hydroxyapatite particles, using mussel adhesive-inspired polydopamine chemistry. The developed scaffolds were tested for their ability to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and repair bone defect in vivo. [ACS Appl Mater Interfaces] Abstract | Graphical Abstract To study the roles of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, sensor of growth factors and nutrients, in bone size and quality regulation, researchers ablated Tsc1, a suppressor of mTOR, in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), monocytes, or their progenies osteoblasts and osteoclasts. mTOR activation occurred in MSCs, but much less in osteoblasts, it increased bone width and mass due to MSC hyperproliferation, but decreased bone length and mineral contents due to defective MSC differentiation. [Stem Cell Reports] Full Article Restoring Biophysical Properties of Decellularized Patches through Recellularization The authors performed a systematic biophysical assessment of porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine. MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans and active pcECM remodeling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. [Biomater Sci] Abstract The authors determined the in vitro bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) cell viability in the presence of chitosan/dextran-based (CD) hydrogel by LIVE/DEAD® fluorescence staining. A colony forming cell assay showed a slight statistically significant decrease in the number of colonies grown in CD hydrogel as compared to control cells. BM-MSCs in the CD hydrogel were able to successfully differentiate into adipocytes and osteocytes. [Biomed Mater] Abstract IN VIVOScientists showed that lineage-labeled lung mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) expressing the ATP-binding cassette protein ABCG2 (ABCG2+) are pericyte progenitors that participate in microvascular homeostasis as well as adaptive angiogenesis. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, either autonomously or downstream of decreased BMP receptor signaling, enhanced ABCG2+ MPC proliferation but suppressed MPC differentiation into a functional pericyte lineage. [J Clin Invest] Full Article The authors defined the mechanisms of defects in human SLE BMSCs. They demonstrated a novel pathway for elevated IFNβ signaling in SLE that is not dependent on stimulation by immune complexes but rather is cell-intrinsic and critically mediated by IFNβ and MAVS, implicating new pathways as potential therapeutic targets. [Arthritis Rheumatol] Abstract In a porcine model of acute myocardial infarction, researchers studied the long-term effects and the mechanisms involved in allogeneic adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cell (ATMSC) administration on myocardial performance. The allogeneic ATMSC-based therapy was associated with increased cardioprotective and reparative mechanisms and with better cardiac magnetic resonance-measured perfusion. [J Am Heart Assoc] Full Article Investigators demonstrated that the intraperitoneal administration of islet-sized “neo-islets”, generated by in vitro coaggregation of allogeneic, culture-expanded islet cells with high numbers of immuno-protective and cyto-protective MSCs, resulted in their omental engraftment in immune-competent, spontaneously diabetic nonobese diabetic mice. [Stem Cells Transl Med] Full Article Although many studies have been published, the feasibility and regenerative effects of intradiscal mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) application has not been evaluated in an animal model suffering from naturally occurring degenerative disc disease. Autologous application of canine MSC was feasible and successful in all dogs. No evident complications were found. [Tissue Eng Part C Methods] Abstract | |
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REVIEWSA Novel Role of Cellular Interactions in Vascular Calcification The authors summarized the roles of different osteoblast-like cells and they emphasized on how they communicated and interacted with each other using different signaling pathways. Further studies are needed to uncover the underlying mechanisms and to provide novel therapies for vascular calcification. [J Transl Med] Full Article Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the mesenchymal cell research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSHistogenics Corporation announced that it has successfully completed all formal consultations with the Office of Cellular and Tissue-based Products of the Japan Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency regarding the Marketing and Manufacturing Authorization pathway for Histogenics’ NeoCart in the Japanese market. [Histogenics Corporation] Press Release GW Researcher Receives $1.7 Million Federal Grant to Continue Study of the Hedgehog Receptor Xiaoyen Zheng, Ph.D., assistant professor of anatomy and regenerative biology at the George Washington (GW) University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, who recently received a $1.7 million grant from the National Institutes of Health and National Institute of General Medical Sciences, is determined to learn more about the Hedgehog pathway. With this funding, Zheng will develop a comprehensive understanding of the pathway’s underlying mechanisms. [The George Washington University] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSBiotech Execs, Academic Leaders Make Case for NIH Funding at White House Meeting Could the Trump administration be changing its mind about slashing funding for the National Institutes of Health (NIH)? Scientific leaders were optimistic after meeting at the White House with several biotech executives to discuss the “ecosystem” in which federally funded basic research leads to discoveries that companies turn into treatments. [ScienceInsider] Editorial Scientists Relieved by Emmanuel Macron’s French Election Victory French scientists say they’re relieved and happy that their country’s next president will be Emmanuel Macron, a 39-year-old former civil servant and economy minister who swept to victory in elections. Macron intends to make cuts to public spending, but has said he will ring-fence the budgets for research and higher education, areas that he wants to make the central plank of a program to boost innovation and cut unemployment. [Nature News] Editorial Money Still Missing as the Plan to Synthesize a Human Genome Takes Another Step Forward More than 200 biologists, businesspeople, and ethicists will converge upon the New York Genome Center in Manhattan to jumpstart what they hope will be biology’s next blockbuster: Genome Project-write, a still-unfunded sequel to the Human Genome Project where instead of reading a human genome, scientists create one from scratch and incorporate it into cells for various research and medical purposes. [ScienceInsider] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW Gordon Research Conferences: Cell Growth & Proliferation Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESNEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Cardiopulmonary Molecular Biology (Hannover Medical School) PhD Position – Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Queensland University of Technology) Postdoctoral Position – Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology (Longboats Explorers Inc.) Part-Time Research Assistant – Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Research (NUI Galway) Postdoctoral Position – Craniofacial Molecular Biology (University of Southern California) Postdoctoral Researcher – Sequencing Analysis of Mesenchymal Tumors (University of Oxford) Postdoctoral Fellow – Translational Brain Tumor Research (Northwestern University) Postdoctoral Fellow – Tissue Engineering (University of California, Davis) Assistant/Associate Professors – Bone Biology (University of Michigan) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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Home Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 9.18 | May 9 2017