Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 9.19 | May 16 2017

TOP STORY

Joint Morphogenetic Cells in the Adult Mammalian Synovium

The authors showed that lineage tracing of Gdf5-expressing joint interzone cells identifies in adult mouse synovium a mesenchymal stromal/stem cell population largely negative for the skeletal stem cell markers Nestin-GFP, Leptin receptor and Gremlin1. [Nat Commun] Full Article

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

IN VITRO

Melatonin Protects Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells against Iron Overload-Induced Osteogenic Differentiation Dysfunction and Senescence

The authors found that iron overload induced by ferric ammonium citrate caused irregularly morphological changes and markedly reduced the viability in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Consistently, osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was significantly inhibited by iron overload, but melatonin treatment rescued osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. [J Pineal Res] Abstract

Dendritic Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Mediate Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Recruitment

Researchers aimed to determine the mechanism of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell recruitment by dendritic cells, hypothesizing that it would be mediated by extracellular vesicles. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Bone-Forming Peptide-2 Derived from BMP-7 Enhances Osteoblast Differentiation from Multipotent Bone Marrow Stromal Cells and Bone Formation

Investigators identified a new peptide called bone-forming peptide-2 (BFP-2), which has stronger osteogenic differentiation-promoting activity than bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-7. BFP-2 treatment of multipotent bone marrow stromal cells induced expression of active alkaline phosphatase. [Exp Mol Med] Full Article

The Production Method Affects the Efficacy of Platelet Derivatives to Expand Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro

The authors compared platelet derivatives produced by freezing/thawing or after CaCl₂ activation for their content in growth factors and their ability to support the ex vivo expansion of bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells. [J Transl Med] Full Article

TRPV4 Functions in Flow Shear Stress Induced Early Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

The role of TRPV4 in transducing and regulating the differentiation of human marrow stromal cells in response to flow shear stress (FSS) is unclear. Using FSS and calcium imaging, investigators demonstrated that FSS activated early osteogenic differentiation, as shown by the early osteogenic differentiation marker osterix and alkaline phosphatase staining. [Biomed Pharmacother] Abstract

IN VIVO

In Situ Printing of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells, by Laser-Assisted Bioprinting, for In Vivo Bone Regeneration Applications

Scientists showed that laser assisted bioprinting can be used for the in situ printing of mesenchymal stromal cells, associated with collagen and nano-hydroxyapatite, in order to favor bone regeneration, in a calvaria defect model in mice. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Increases GAP-43 Expression via ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt Pathways in Intracerebral Hemorrhage

This study determined whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation affects axonal regeneration and examined the underlying mechanisms after the administration of PD98059 or/ and LY294002. [Cell Physiol Biochem] Full Article

Allogeneic Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Expanded In Vitro for Treatment of Aplastic Anemia: A Multicenter Phase II Trial

Investigators conducted a Phase II, noncomparative, multicenter study to assess the efficacy and safety of allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells expanded in vitro for patients with aplastic anemia refractory to immunosuppressive therapy. [Stem Cells Transl Med] Full Article

Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Slow Disease Progression of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure

Scientists investigated the use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) in an experimental model of acute-on-chronic liver failure, developed by microsurgical extrahepatic cholestasis in rats. Rats undergoing microsurgical extrahepatic cholestasis were treated by intraparenchymal liver injection of human or rat AD-MSCs, undifferentiated or previously differentiated in vitro toward the hepatocyte lineage. [Biomed Pharmacother] Abstract

Adipose Tissue Depots and Inflammation: Effects on Plasticity and Resident Mesenchymal Stem Cell Function

The authors summarize how inflammation affects the different adipose tissue depots and the mechanisms by which these changes further enhance the obesity-associated metabolic disturbances. They highlight the impact of obesity-induced inflammation on adipose-derived stem cells properties and how those effects impair their plasticity. [Cardiovasc Res] Abstract

Concise Review: Wharton’s Jelly: The Rich, but Enigmatic, Source of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

The authors propose a histologically based nomenclature for cord structures and provide an analysis of their developmental origins and composition. Methods of cell isolation from Wharton’s jelly are discussed and the immunophenotypic and clonal characteristics of the cells are evaluated. [Stem Cells Transl Med] Full Article

Pathophysiology, Mechanisms and Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury

The authors show the uses of bone marrow derived mesenchymal cells in the treatment of acute and chronic case of spinal cord injury and its future scope. [Biomed Pharmacother] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the mesenchymal cell research field.

Longeveron Begins Enrollment of Second Cohort of Phase I Trial of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

Longeveron announced that their Phase I Alzheimer’s disease trial will proceed with enrollment at the recommendation of an independent Data Monitoring Committee which reviewed data from the trial’s safety run-in phase. [Longeveron] Press Release

Capricor Therapeutics Provides Update on ALLSTAR Trial

Capricor Therapeutics, Inc. announced that a pre-specified administrative interim analysis performed on six-month follow-up data from the ALLSTAR Trial, an ongoing randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 142-patient Phase II clinical trial of CAP-1002 in adults who have experienced a large heart attack with residual cardiac dysfunction, has demonstrated a low probability of achieving a statistically-significant difference in the 12-month primary efficacy endpoint of percent change from baseline infarct size as a percent of left ventricular mass, measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. [Capricor Therapeutics, Inc.] Press Release

Trump Officials Act to Tilt Federal Science Boards toward Industry

Critics say that changes to advisory groups at the Environmental Protection Agency and Department of Interior could restrict or paralyze them. [Nature News] Editorial

Biology Needs More Staff Scientists

Most research institutions are essentially collections of independent laboratories, each run by principal investigators who head a team of trainees. This scheme has ancient roots and a track record of success. But it is not the only way to do science. Indeed, for much of modern biomedical research, the traditional organization has become limiting. [Nature News] Editorial

Revamped ‘Anti-Science’ Education Bills in United States Find Success

State and local legislatures in the United States are experimenting with new ways to target the topics taught in science classes, and it seems to be paying dividends. Florida’s legislature approved a bill that would enable residents to challenge what educators teach students. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW The TGF-β Superfamily: Signaling in Development and Disease
July 9-14, 2017
Lisbon, Portugal

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NEW Postdoctoral Position – Cardiopulmonary Molecular Biology (Hannover Medical School)

NEW Group Leader – Systems Biology and Next Generation Sequencing Analysis (University of Oxford)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Blood- and Bone-Forming Stem Cell Biology (International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University)

PhD Position – Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Queensland University of Technology)

Postdoctoral Position – Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology (Longboats Explorers Inc.)

Postdoctoral Fellow Position(s) – Cell and Molecular Biology (University of Texas Health Science Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Adipocytes in the Melanoma Microenvironment (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Position – Craniofacial Molecular Biology (University of Southern California)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Translational Brain Tumor Research (Northwestern University)

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