Mesenchymal Cell News 9.23 June 13, 2017 | |
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TOP STORYSpecification and Diversification of Pericytes and Smooth Muscle Cells from Mesenchymoangioblasts Researchers found that mesoderm-derived pericytes (PCs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) originate from a clonal mesenchymal progenitor mesenchymoangioblast (MB). In clonogenic cultures, MBs differentiated into primitive PDGFRβ+CD271+CD73− mesenchymal progenitors, which gave rise to proliferative PCs, SMCs, and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. MB-derived PCs could be further specified to CD274+ capillary and DLK1+ arteriolar PCs with a proinflammatory and contractile phenotype, respectively. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Press Release | Graphical Abstract | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)IN VITROThe authors investigated the influence of cell sheets composed of co-cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells and endothelial progenitor cells on implant osseointegration in irradiated bone. The co-cultured group showed the highest osteogenic differentiation potential in vitro, as indicated by the extracellular matrix mineralization and the expression of osteogenesis related genes at both mRNA and protein levels. [Sci Rep] Full Article Researchers demonstrated that although the basal level of autophagy did not differ between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from healthy donors (HDMSCs) and ankylosing spondylitis (ASMSCs), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced autophagy was weaker in ASMSCs than in HDMSCs. Specifically, increased TRAF4 expression in ASMSCs impaired LPS-induced autophagy, potentially by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Beclin-1. [Exp Mol Med] Full Article The authors found that placenta-derived multipotent cells (PDMCs) significantly reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production through the paracrine factors GRO-α, HGF and IL-8. The enhancement of PDMC paracrine function by laminin was mediated through αvβ3 integrin, with involvement of the signaling pathways of JNK, for GRO-α and IL-8 secretion, and PI3K/AKT, for HGF secretion. [J Cell Mol Med] Full Article CNS Disease Diminishes the Therapeutic Functionality of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Scientists report that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice lacked therapeutic efficacy compared to naïve MSCs in their ability to ameliorate EAE. Treatment with conditioned medium from EAE-MSCs failed to modulate EAE, and EAE-MSCs secreted higher levels of many pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to naïve MSCs. [Exp Neurol] Abstract Investigators determined whether age-related insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP4) overexpression is associated with the impaired osteogenic differentiation potential of aged bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Their results showed that IGFBP4 mRNA and protein expression increased with age in parallel with impaired osteogenic differentiation of MSCs cultured in BMP2-containing osteogenic medium, as evidenced by the downregulation of osteoblast marker genes, and decreased alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposits. [Cell Physiol Biochem] Full Article IN VIVOThe authors provide clinical evidence that MSCs stimulate autologous cartilage repair in the knee without engrafting in the host tissue. A Phase I (first-in-man) clinical trial studied the one-stage application of allogeneic MSCs mixed with 10% or 20% recycled defect derived autologous chondrons for the treatment of cartilage defects in 35 patients. [Stem Cells] Abstract Scientists showed that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (Bm-MSCs) facilitate muscle regeneration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) model mice. Bm-MSCs transplanted into peritoneal cavities of DMD model mice with severe muscle degeneration strongly suppressed dystrophic pathology and improved death-related symptoms, which resulted in dramatic lifespan extension. [Sci Rep] Full Article Researchers evaluated the effect of GFP-tagged mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation on skin regeneration in excisional wounds in mice. GFP-tagged MSCs were retained inside the regenerating skin until day 14 post-transplantation. In the initial stage of wound healing, transplanted MSCs differentiated into functional cells and played paracrine roles to recruit more endogenous cells for tissue remodeling. [Cell Physiol Biochem] Full Article The authors analyzed mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) distribution in tissues and local immunological effects of MSCs injections in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infected and uninfected mice. In healthy recipients, MSCs administration dramatically changed T-cell function and cytokine/chemokine milieu in the lungs. But, during Mtb infection, i.e., in the highly-inflammatory conditions, MSCs did not affect T-cell function and the level of inflammation. [PLoS One] Full Article Investigators explored the effects of human stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) α, when overexpressed by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), on axonal growth and motor behavior in a contusive rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI). Only modest functional improvements were observed following transplantation of SDF-1-MSCs, a significant reduction in cavitation surrounding the lesion, and an increased density of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43)-positive axons inside the SCI lesion/graft site were found. [Restor Neurol Neurosci] Full Article | |
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REVIEWSConcise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases The authors summarize current advancements in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. They examine the roles of central mechanisms suggested to mediate the beneficial effects of MSCs-based therapy and consider the augmentation of these mechanisms for superior clinical outcomes in rodent models of neurodegeneration as well as in clinical trials. [Stem Cells] Abstract | Full Article Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Their Derived Factors, and Extracellular Vesicles in Liver Failure Researchers review the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as well as their derived factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in liver failure and discuss the use of MSC-derived EVs instead of intact MSCs in treating liver failure. [Stem Cell Res Ther] Full Article Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the mesenchymal cell research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSBrainStorm Awarded $2.1 Million Non-Dilutive Grant for 2017 by the Israel Innovation Authority BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. announced that its wholly-owned subsidiary, Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Ltd., has been awarded a new grant of approximately $2.1 million by the Israel Innovation Authority. The funds will support the development of NurOwn®, BrainStorm’s innovative mesenchymal stem cell-based platform for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. [BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics Inc.] Press Release Creative Medical Technology Holdings, Inc. announced filing of a patent application covering synergy between intradiscal stem cell injection subsequent to stimulation of perispinal angiogenesis. This patent expands on the company’s issued US Patent #9,598,673, which covers treatment of lower back pain by injection of stem cells into muscles surrounding the lower back to stimulate new blood vessel formation. [Creative Medical Technology Holdings, Inc. (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release Sentien Biotechnologies, Inc. announced that it has opened enrollment in its Phase I/II trial of SBI-101 for adult patients with acute kidney injury. SBI-101 is a combination product that combines mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) within a blood-filtration device, allowing for controlled, dynamic interaction of MSCs with a patient’s bloodstream. [Sentien Biotechnologies, Inc. (PRWeb)] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSCan Fake Names Tease Out NIH Reviewer Bias? When the label “white male” is attached to a research grant application, do peer reviewers give it a better score? That’s the question psychologist Patricia Devine of the University of Wisconsin in Madison has spent the past four years, and more than $1 million from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland, trying to answer with an unusual experiment. [ScienceInsider] Editorial Curiosity and Irritation Meet Macron’s Effort to Lure Foreign Scientists to France The French government unveiled a website aimed at attracting foreign scientists with four-year grants worth up to €1.5 million each. [ScienceInsider] Editorial Trump Names Sharpless to Lead U.S. Cancer Institute President Donald Trump announced his intention to appoint Norman “Ned” Sharpless to be the next director of the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland. Sharpless, who is 50 years old, is a physician and currently director of the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill. He also holds an academic appointment at the university’s school of medicine. [ScienceInsider] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW Cold Spring Harbor Stem Cell Biology Meeting NEW Keystone Symposia: Regenerative Biology and Applications: Cell Differentiation, Tissue Organization and Biomedical Engineering Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESNEW Postdoctoral Researcher – Hydrogel-Based Cartilage Repair (University Medical Center Utrecht) Postdoctoral Fellow – Biomedical Science (University of Illinois at Chicago) Assistant Professor – Regenerative Medicine (University of Ottawa) Postdoctoral Researcher – Cellular Therapy for Degenerative Disc Disease (NUI Galway) Postdoctoral Position – Cardiopulmonary Molecular Biology (Hannover Medical School) Group Leader – Systems Biology and Next Generation Sequencing Analysis (University of Oxford) PhD Position – Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Queensland University of Technology) Postdoctoral Position – Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology (Longboat Explorers Inc.) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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Home Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 9.23 | Jun 13 2017