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Pulmonary Cell News| Mesenchymal Cell News 9.38 September 26, 2017 | |
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TOP STORYResearchers Describe Mechanism that Underlies Age-Associated Bone Loss University of Alabama at Birmingham researchers have detailed an underlying mechanism leading to osteoporosis. When this mechanism malfunctions, progenitor cells stop creating bone-producing cells, and instead create fat cells. Knowledge of this mechanism can provide targets in the search for novel bone-loss therapeutics to treat human osteoporosis with minimal side effects. [Press release from the University of Alabama at Birmingham discussing online prepublication in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Press Release | Abstract | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)IN VITROAFF1 and AFF4 Differentially Regulate the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human MSCs Scientists showed that small interfering RNA-mediated depletion of AFF1 in human MSCs leads to increased alkaline phosphatase activity, enhanced mineralization and upregulated expression of osteogenic-related genes. On the contrary, depletion of AFF4 significantly inhibits the osteogenic potential of MSCs. [Bone Res] Full Article Researchers observed that paired intratumor (T)-derived MSCs were more strongly immunosuppressive than adjacent non-tumor tissue (N)-derived MSCs and affected both natural killer (NK) function and phenotype, as defined by CD56 expression. T-MSCs shifted NK cells toward the CD56dim phenotype and differentially modulated CD56bright/dim subset functions. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with an average size of 40 nm were conjugated with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) to endow them with reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity while holding the beneficial effect of Au NPs. The TEMPO-conjugated Au NPs were used for culture of human MSCs (hMSCs) to investigate their effect on ROS scavenging, proliferation, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs. [ACS Appl Mater Interfaces] Abstract The effects of conditioned medium of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (CM-hMSCA) on human astrocytes subjected to scratch assay were assessed. Scientists found that CM-hMSCA improved cell viability, reduced nuclear fragmentation, and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential. [Mol Neurobiol] Abstract To reduce risks associated with MSC infusion and improve the distribution in the body, investigators generated membrane particles (MP) of MSC and MSC stimulated with IFN-γ (MPγ). MP and MPγ selectively bound to monocytes and decreased the frequency of pro-inflammatory CD14+CD16+ monocytes by induction of selective apoptosis. [Sci Rep] Full Article Scientists investigated the biocompatibility and differentiation of human brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in a functionalized self-assembling peptide hydrogel. [J Cell Biochem] Abstract IN VIVOPost-mortem brain tissue from patients with early progressive multiple sclerosis, late stage progressive multiple sclerosis, and healthy persons were analyzed for the MSC and pericyte markers CD146, platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ), CD73, CD271, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and Ki67. [Stem Cells Transl Med] Full Article A micropellet-fibrin construct was developed and coupled, with a shorter priming period, determined by an in vitro time course experiment. In vitro data showed expression of chondrogenic genes and matrix production after seven days of chondrogenic priming, indicating that briefer priming could possibly be used to induce bone formation in vivo. [Eur Cell Mater] Full Article Investigators found that glucocorticoid downregulated stromal derived factor 1 (SDF-1) expression in adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs). In addition, glucocorticoid-treated AT-MSCs induced less migration of inflammatory cells and impaired wound healing capacity compared with glucocorticoid-untreated AT-MSCs. [Biochem Biophys Res Commun] Abstract Researchers assessed co-culture of allogenic decalcified bone matrix (DBM) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the knee joint cavity of rabbits for cartilage tissue engineering. Rabbits were assigned to an in vitro group, an in vivo group and a blank control group. Morphological analysis software was used to calculate the average absorbance value (A value). The in vivo group showed higher A value than the in vitro and blank control groups at each time point. [Biosci Rep] Abstract | Full Article Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Ameliorate Acute Allergic Rhinitis in Rats A rat model of allergic rhinitis was treated with MSCs. The effect of MSCs on the inflammation of allergic rhinitis was evaluated by sneezing, nose rubbing, the pathology of the nasal mucosa, and the expression of interleukin 4, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and immunoglobulin E in the serum of rats. [Cell Biochem Funct] Full Article | |
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REVIEWSFunctional Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Chronic Neurodegenerative Diseases The authors focus on the possible functional role exerted by MSCs in the treatment of some disabling neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Huntington’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease. Although the exact mechanisms of MSC-induced beneficial activities are not entirely defined, they include neurogenesis and angiogenesis stimulation, antiapoptotic, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions. [J Cell Physiol] Abstract Pericytes and Their Potential in Regenerative Medicine Across Species The authors provide an overview of the current knowledge on pericytes across different species including humans, companion and large animal models, in relation to their identification in different body tissues, methodology for prospective isolation, characterization, and potential for tissue regeneration. [Cytometry A] Abstract Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the mesenchymal cell research field. | |
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SCIENCE NEWSBioCardia®, Inc. announced 12-month results from the Phase II TRIDENT clinical trial, conducted by the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and co-sponsored by the company. The results showed a positive safety profile for allogeneic, or donor cell-based, mesenchymal stem cells delivered with the company’s Helix™ transendocardial delivery system at 30 days. [Press release from BioCardia, Inc. discussing research presented at the Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA) 21st Annual Scientific Meeting, Dallas] Press Release | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSBone Therapeutics S.A. and Asahi Kasei Sign Exclusive License Agreement for PREOB® in Japan Bone Therapeutics S.A. announced it has signed an exclusive, royalty-bearing license agreement with one of Japan’s leading industrial companies, Asahi Kasei Corporation. The license agreement covers the development and commercialization of Bone Therapeutics’ autologous bone cell therapy product, PREOB®, in Japan. [Bone Therapeutics S.A.] Press Release Bone Therapeutics Announced Positive Interim Efficacy Results in the Phase I/IIA Delayed-Union Study of Its Allogeneic Bone Cell Therapy Product ALLOB® in 16 Patients. [Bone Therapeutics S.A.] Press Release BioLife Solutions, Inc. announced that Cellular Biomedicine Group (CBMG) has validated BioLife’s proprietary CryoStor freeze media for use in CBMG’s planned US Phase I clinical trial of AlloJoin, an off the shelf allogeneic stem cell therapy for knee osteoarthritis. [BioLife Solutions, Inc. (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSBIA & MHRA Publish Report ‘Innovation in Life Sciences in a Changing and Dynamic Environment’ The UK BioIndustry Association (BIA) and the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) brought together experts from across the sector to discuss some hot topics and important developments that are having an impact on the changing and dynamic UK life sciences ecosystem. [Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency] Press Release What Germany’s Election Results Mean for Science As Germany reels from an unexpected surge for the far right in the elections, researchers don’t expect much effect on the country’s generous support for science. But with smaller parties standing to gain political influence, battles over issues such as the regulation of gene-edited organisms and how to cut greenhouse-gas emissions could grow fiercer. [Nature News] Editorial United Kingdom Sees Dip in European Research Applications after Brexit Vote The number of researchers applying for Europe-funded Marie Curie fellowships in the United Kingdom has dipped slightly since the country’s vote to leave the European Union, data released to Nature show. But there is no evidence yet of a sharp collapse in interest, which some scientists had feared in the wake of the Brexit referendum. [Nature News] Editorial HHMI’s Own Brand of Diversity in the Life Sciences One of Erin O’Shea’s first moves as Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) president was committing $25 million a year to support postdocs from underrepresented groups. Her hope was that they would eventually change the color—and culture—of their departments as they moved into leadership positions, in addition to serving as role models for the next generation of scientists. [ScienceInsider] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW The 2018 World Stem Cell Summit (WSCS) Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESNEW PhD Studentship – Mechanobiology and Tissue Engineering (KU Leuven) Faculty Positions – Tissue Regeneration and Engineering (Duke University) Assistant or Associate Professor – Biomedical Engineering (University of British Columbia) Faculty Position – Stem Cell Biology (University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center) Researcher – Skeletal Tissue Engineering (KU Leuven) Faculty Position – Regenerative Biology (Northwestern University) Professor – Bioengineering (University of Pittsburgh) PhD Position – Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Queensland University of Technology) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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