Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 9.49 | Dec 12 2017

TOP STORY

Gli1 Identifies Osteogenic Progenitors for Bone Formation and Fracture Repair

By lineage-tracing experiments in fetal or postnatal mice, researchers discovered that Gli1⁺ cells progressively produce osteoblasts in all skeletal sites. Most notably, in postnatal growing mice, the Gli1⁺ cells residing immediately beneath the growth plate, termed here “metaphyseal mesenchymal progenitors”, were essential for cancellous bone formation. [Nat Commun] Full Article

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

IN VITRO

RNA Sequencing Reveals a Transcriptomic Portrait of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Bone Marrow, Adipose Tissue, and Palatine Tonsils

Using RNA sequencing, researchers analyzed the whole transcriptomes of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMs), adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AMs), and tonsil-derived MSCs (TMs). AMs and TMs showed higher expression of genes encoding proteins that function in protein binding, growth factor, or cytokine activity in extracellular compartments than BMs. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Tuning Alginate Bioink Stiffness and Composition for Controlled Growth Factor Delivery and to Spatially Direct MSC Fate within Bioprinted Tissues

Scientists defined a printability window for alginate of differing molecular weight (MW) by systematically varying the ratio of alginate to ionic crosslinker within the bioink. They demonstrated that the MW of such alginate bioinks, as well as the choice of ionic crosslinker, can be tuned to control the mechanical properties of 3D printed constructs. [Sci Rep] Full Article

M2 Muscarinic Receptor Activation Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Migration of Rat Adipose-Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Muscarinic cholinergic effects were characterized in rat adipose tissue-derived MSCs. By using the selective M2 agonist arecaidine propargyl ester (APE), investigators performed cell proliferation and migration assays demonstrating that APE causes cell growth and migration inhibition without affecting cell survival. [J Cell Physiol] Abstract

LARG GEF and ARHGAP18 Orchestrate RhoA Activity to Control Mesenchymal Stem Cell Lineage

To understand the basis of force-driven RhoA activation, the authors considered critical GEFs and GAPs on bone marrow MSC lineage fate. [Bone] Abstract

Differential Expression of Cholinergic System Components in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Bone Marrow-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells, and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells

Researchers compared human induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells from up to 33 different human donors with respect to gene expressions of components of the cholinergic system. [Stem Cells Dev] Abstract

Impaired Osteogenesis of Disease-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from a CFC Syndrome Patient

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from dermal fibroblasts of a cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome patient having rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma kinase B gain-of-function mutation. CFC-iPSCs were differentiated into CFC-MSCs and further induced to osteoblasts in vitro. [Int J Mol Sci] Full Article

IN VIVO

Tissue Source Determines the Differentiation Potentials of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Comparative Study of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissue

Investigators showed that human bone marrow-derived MSCs possessed stronger osteogenic and lower adipogenic differentiation potentials compared to adipose tissue-derived MSCs. [Stem Cell Res Ther] Full Article

PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway Mediates the Alleviation of Pulmonary Fibrosis by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Humanized Mice

To mimic pulmonary fibrosis in humans, researchers established a novel bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model in humanized mice. Based on this model, the benefit of human MSC to pulmonary fibrosis and underlying mechanism were investigated. [Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol] Abstract

In Vivo Survival of Human Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplanted under the Kidney Capsule of Immunocompromised Mice

The authors investigated the use of a lentiviral vector containing the mCherry fluorescent reporter gene to transduce and label endometrial MSCs following in vitro culturing in A83-01 containing medium, and different methods of tracing the labeled cells following transplantation under the kidney capsule of immunocompromised NSG mice. [Stem Cells Dev] Abstract

Systemic Recovery and Therapeutic Effects of Transplanted Allogenic and Xenogenic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in a Rat Blunt Chest Trauma Model

To define novel therapeutic strategies for sequelae of blunt chest trauma (TxT) like ALI/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, scientists investigated the immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of a single dose of ex vivo expanded human or rat mesenchymal stromal cells with or without priming, immediately after the induction of TxT in Wistar rats. [Cytotherapy] Full Article

Clinical Implications of Bone Marrow Adiposity

Marrow adipose tissue could represent a new therapeutic target for multiple diseases from osteoporosis to leukemia, although the exact characteristics and role of the marrow adipocyte in health and diseases remains to be determined. [J Intern Med] Abstract

Mesenchymal Endometrial Stem/Stromal Cells for Hard Tissue Engineering: A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence

Researchers summarize the current in vitro and in vivo studies that utilize endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells or menstrual blood-derived stem cells for differentiation to osteoblasts, odontoblasts or chondroblasts in an effort to realize the potential of these cells in hard tissues regeneration. [Regen Med] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the mesenchymal cell research field.

Tony Delk and IMAC Regeneration Centers Partner in Lexington

Tony Delk, MVP of the 1996 National Championship Game, unveiled plans to open an IMAC Regeneration Center in Lexington, Kentucky. This partnership follows the IMAC partnerships with Ozzie Smith in St. Louis, and David Price in Nashville. [IMAC Regeneration Centers] Press Release

Regentis Co-Founder Wins Prize for Regenerative Medicine Research

Regentis Biomaterials announced that company co-founder and chief scientific officer Prof. Dror Seliktar was awarded the Rita Levi Montalcini Award last month for his regenerative medicine research over the past 15 years at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. [Regentis Biomaterials (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

Mesoblast Named Global Technology Leader in Cell Therapy Industry

Mesoblast Limited has been named by Frost & Sullivan as the 2017 Global Technology Leader in the Cell Therapy Industry. [Mesoblast Ltd. (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release

Brexit ‘Breakthrough’ Raises Hope — and Questions

British science is expected to benefit from a deal that would allow EU nationals to remain in the country once it leaves the union. [Nature News] Editorial

Nine Researchers Sue University of Rochester over Sexual-Harassment Allegations

Nine researchers filed a federal lawsuit against the University of Rochester in New York, its president Joel Seligman and its provost Robert Clark over their handling of alleged sexual harassment by a professor there. [Nature News] Editorial

U.S. Science Groups Make Last-Minute Push to Influence Final Tax Deal

It wasn’t your typical graduate school experience. Eight graduate students, including doctoral students in anthropology and astrophysics at major U.S. universities, ended up in handcuffs after they refused to end a noisy protest outside the Washington, D.C., office of Speaker of the House of Representatives Paul Ryan. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW The London Stem Cell Network Symposium 2018
February 26, 2018
London, United Kingdom

NEW 2018 Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine International Society (TERMIS) World Congress
September 4-7, 2018
Kyoto, Japan

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Scholar Position – Cancer & Stem Cell Epigenomics (University of California, Davis)

NEW Research Associate / Postdoctoral Position – Regenerative Medicine (TU Dresden)

Research Technologist – Mesenchymal and Endothelial Cells (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Position – Mesenchymal Stem Cells (Università degli Studi di Genova)

Chair – Models of Regeneration (The Technische Universität Dresden)

Postdoctoral Researchers – Stem Cell Metabolism (University of Helsinki)

Postdoctoral Fellows – Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (Stanford University)

Postdoctoral Positions – Cytokines in Immunity, Stem Cells and Tissue Repair (Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine)

Assistant or Associate Professor – Sarcoma/Melanoma Surgery (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center)

Assistant/Associate Professors – Developmental and Regenerative Biology (The Chinese University of Hong Kong)

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