Neural Cell News Volume 15.03 | Jan 27 2021

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    2021-01-27 | NCN 15.03


    Neural Cell News by STEMCELL Technologies
    Vol. 15.03 – 27 January, 2021
    TOP STORY

    Restoring Metabolism of Myeloid Cells Reverses Cognitive Decline in Aging

    Scientists showed that in aging mice myeloid cell bioenergetics was suppressed in response to increased signaling by the lipid messenger prostaglandin E2, a major modulator of inflammation.
    [Nature]

    AbstractPress Release

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    PUBLICATIONSRanked by the impact factor of the journal

    A Growth-Factor-Activated Lysosomal K+ Channel Regulates Parkinson’s Pathology

    The authors report a lysosomal K+ channel complex that was activated by growth factors and gated by protein kinase B that they termed lysoKGF.
    [Nature]

    Abstract

    p53 Is a Central Regulator Driving Neurodegeneration Caused by C9orf72 poly(PR)

    Researchers developed a platform to interrogate the chromatin accessibility landscape and transcriptional program within neurons during degeneration.
    [Cell]

    AbstractGraphical Abstract

    Phagocyte-Mediated Synapse Removal in Cortical Neuroinflammation Is Promoted by Local Calcium Accumulation

    Investigators used functional and structural in vivo imaging in a mouse model of cortical multiple sclerosis to demonstrate that bouts of cortical inflammation disrupted cortical circuit activity coincident with a widespread, but transient, loss of dendritic spines.
    [Nature Neuroscience]

    AbstractPress Release

    Astrocytic ApoE Reprograms Neuronal Cholesterol Metabolism and Histone-Acetylation-Mediated Memory

    The authors demonstrated that astrocytic ApoE vectors a variety of miRNAs, and these miRNAs specifically silence genes involved in neuronal cholesterol biosynthesis, ultimately accounting for the accumulation of the pathway-initiating substrate acetyl-CoA.
    [Neuron]

    AbstractGraphical Abstract

    Preclinical Assessment of the Efficacy and Specificity of GD2-B7H3 SynNotch CAR-T in Metastatic Neuroblastoma

    Researchers found that murine GD2 CAR-T cells, specific for the tumor-associated antigen GD2, induced fatal neurotoxicity in a costimulatory domain-dependent manner.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    Smoothened-Activating Lipids Drive Resistance to CDK4/6 Inhibition in Hedgehog-Associated Medulloblastoma Cells and Preclinical Models

    Scientists identified resistance mechanisms to CDK6 inhibition in hedgehog-associated medulloblastoma by performing orthogonal CRISPR and CRISPR interference screens in medulloblastoma cells treated with a CDK4/6 inhibitor.
    [Journal of Clinical Investigation]

    AbstractFull ArticleGraphical Abstract

    Prpf31 Is Essential for the Survival and Differentiation of Retinal Progenitor Cells by Modulating Alternative Splicing

    The authors showed that the differentiation and viability of retinal progenitor cells were severely perturbed in prpf31 knockout zebrafish when compared with other tissues at an early embryonic stage.
    [Nucleic Acids Research]

    Full Article

    Modulation of Nogo Receptor 1 Expression Orchestrates Myelin-Associated Infiltration of Glioblastoma

    Investigators adopted a radiogenomic analysis to screen for functionally relevant genes that orchestrated the process of glioma cell infiltration through myelin and promoted glioblastoma aggressiveness.
    [Brain]

    Full Article

    BNIP3L-Mediated Mitophagy Is Required for Mitochondrial Remodeling during the Differentiation of Optic Nerve Oligodendrocytes

    Scientists developed a new method for isolation and culture of optic nerve-derived oligodendrocyte lineage cells and used it to study oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation.
    [Autophagy]

    Abstract

    Autophagy Activation, Lipotoxicity and Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization Synergize to Promote Pimozide- and Loperamide-Induced Glioma Cell Death

    Investigators demonstrated that pimozide and loperamide triggered an ATG5- and ATG7 (autophagy related 5 and 7)-dependent type of cell death that was significantly reduced with cathepsin inhibitors and the lipid reactive oxygen species scavenger α-tocopherol in MZ-54 glioblastoma cells.
    [Autophagy]

    Abstract

    Direct Evidence That KNDy Neurons Maintain Gonadotropin Pulses and Folliculogenesis as the GnRH Pulse Generator

    Researchers showed that rescuing >20% kisspeptin/NKB/dynorphin A (KNDy) neurons by transfecting Kiss1 inside arcuate Tac3 neurons recovered folliculogenesis and luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses in female global Kiss1 knockout (KO) rats and that >90% conditional arcuate Kiss1 KO in newly generated Kiss1-floxed rats completely suppressed LH pulses.
    [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]

    Abstract

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    REVIEWS

    Innate Immunity at the Crossroads of Healthy Brain Maturation and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

    The authors discuss the essential roles of microglia and innate immune signaling in the assembly and maintenance of a properly functioning nervous system.
    [Nature Reviews Immunology]

    Abstract

    Current and Future Applications of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models to Study Pathological Proteins in Neurodegenerative Disorders

    Scientists explore the use of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to study prion-like protein propagation in neurodegenerative diseases, discuss the advantages and limitations of this model, and present emerging technologies that, combined with the use of iPSC-based models, will provide powerful model systems to propel fundamental research forward.
    [Molecular Psychiatry]

    Abstract

    INDUSTRY AND POLICY NEWS

    Alector Announces First Participant Dosed in Phase II Study Evaluating AL002 in Individuals with Early Alzheimer’s Disease

    Alector, Inc. announced that the first participant has been dosed in INVOKE-2, a Phase II clinical study evaluating the efficacy and safety of AL002 in slowing disease progression in individuals with early Alzheimer’s disease.
    [Alector, Inc. (Globe Newswire, Inc.)]

    Press Release

    BioArctic Receives European Patent for New Antibodies Targeting Alzheimer’s Disease

    BioArctic AB announced that the European Patent Office has issued a decision to grant European patent EP 2 448 968 B1 for novel antibodies that could be developed into a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease.
    [BioArctic AB]

    Press Release

    FEATURED EVENT

    AACR: COVID-19 and Cancer

    February 3 – 5, 2021
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    JOB OPPORTUNITIES

    Tier 1 Canada Research Chair – Neuroscience

    University of Ottawa – Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Research Associate – Autonomic Dysfunctions following Spinal Cord Injury

    The University of British Columbia – Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Lab Manager – Sensory and Sensorimotor System

    Center of Advanced European Studies and Research – Bonn, Germany

    Postdoctoral Researcher – Neuroethology

    Center of Advanced European Studies and Research – Bonn, Germany

    Faculty Positions – Brain Research

    IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Peking University – Beijing, China

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