Neural Cell News Volume 15.13 | Apr 7 2021

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    2021-04-07 | NCN 15.13


    Neural Cell News by STEMCELL Technologies
    Vol. 15.13 – 7 April, 2021
    TOP STORY

    Astrocytes Close a Motor Circuit Critical Period

    Scientists defined a critical period in a developing Drosophila motor circuit and identified astrocytes as essential for proper critical period termination.
    [Nature]

    AbstractPress Release

    Survey results on the needs and challenges in the human pluripotent stem cell field
    PUBLICATIONSRanked by the impact factor of the journal

    Incorporation of a Nucleoside Analog Maps Genome Repair Sites in Postmitotic Human Neurons

    A targeted sequencing approach in human embryonic stem cell–induced neurons showed that, in neurons, DNA repair was enriched at well-defined hotspots that protect essential genes.
    [Science]

    AbstractPress Release

    Dynamic Spatiotemporal Coordination of Neural Stem Cell Fate Decisions Occurs through Local Feedback in the Adult Vertebrate Brain

    The authors combined dynamic imaging of entire neural stem cell (NSC) populations in their in vivo niche over several weeks with pharmacological manipulations, mathematical modeling, and spatial statistics and demonstrated that NSCs used spatiotemporally resolved local feedback signals to coordinate their decision to divide in adult zebrafish brains.
    [Cell Stem Cell]

    Full ArticleGraphical Abstract

    Specific Populations of Basal Ganglia Output Neurons Target Distinct Brain Stem Areas While Collateralizing throughout the Diencephalon

    Using genetically targeted viral tracing and whole-brain anatomical analysis, investigators identified over 40 substantia nigra pars reticulata targets that encompassed a roughly 50-fold range of axonal densities.
    [Neuron]

    AbstractPress ReleaseGraphical Abstract

    Loss of Microglial SIRPα Promotes Synaptic Pruning in Preclinical Models of Neurodegeneration

    To investigate the role of SIRPα in neurodegeneration, researchers modulated the expression of microglial SIRPα in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    Targeting Autophagy as a Therapeutic Strategy to Prevent Dopamine Neuron Loss in Early Stages of Alzheimer Disease

    Investigators summarized new data showing how macroautophagy/autophagy impairment – due to enhanced activity of the ABL/c-Abl kinase – might have caused the dopamine neuron loss.
    [Autophagy]

    Abstract

    Integrins Protect Sensory Neurons in Models of Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy

    The authors used a genetically tractable Drosophila model and primary sensory neurons isolated from adult mouse to examine the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and identify protective pathways.
    [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]

    Abstract

    UPF1 Reduces C9orf72 HRE-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Absence of Nonsense-Mediated Decay Dysfunction

    Scientists investigated the role that overexpression of UPF1, a protein involved in nonsense-mediated decay, played in mitigating neurotoxicity in multiple models of C9orf72 ALS/frontotemporal dementia.
    [Cell Reports]

    Full ArticleGraphical Abstract

    The Autism-Associated Protein CHD8 Is Required for Cerebellar Development and Motor Function

    The authors showed that cerebellar granule neuron progenitor-specific deletion of chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8 (CHD8) in mice impaired the proliferation and differentiation of the cells as well as gave rise to cerebellar hypoplasia and a motor coordination defect, but not to autism spectrum disorder-like behavioral abnormalities.
    [Cell Reports]

    Full ArticleGraphical Abstract

    Hypoxic Glioma-Derived Exosomes Promote M2-Like Macrophage Polarization by Enhancing Autophagy Induction

    Scientists investigated the effects of glioma-derived exosomes on autophagy, the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages, and glioma progression.
    [Cell Death & Disease]

    Full Article

    NDUFA4L2 Promotes Glioblastoma Progression, Is Associated with Poor Survival, and Can Be Effectively Targeted by Apatinib

    Gene knockdown of NADH dehydrogenase 1 alpha subcomplex, 4-like 2 (NDUFA4L2) inhibited tumor cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis, while tumor cells initiated protective mitophagy in vitro and in vivo.
    [Cell Death & Disease]

    Full Article

    Molecular Profiling Reveals Involvement of ESCO2 in Intermediate Progenitor Cell Maintenance in the Developing Mouse Cortex

    Investigators characterized the molecular profile of intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs). They isolated TBR2-positive IPCs and TBR2-negative cell populations in the developing mouse cortex.
    [Stem Cell Reports]

    Full ArticleGraphical Abstract

    Explore scientific events this April with the Science Events Calendar.
    REVIEWS

    Novel Genome-Editing-Based Approaches to Treat Motor Neuron Diseases: Promises and Challenges

    Scientists review genome editing approaches aimed either at correcting the disease-causing mutations or at modulating the expression of genetic modifiers, e.g. by repairing SOD1 mutations or SMN2 splicing defect or deleting C9orf72 expanded repeats.
    [Molecular Therapy]

    AbstractGraphical Abstract

    Three-Dimensional Human Neural Stem Cell Models to Mimic Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans and the Neural Niche

    This review examines the current knowledge of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the stem cell niche, human stem cell models, and their role in the development of 3D models that mimic the in vivo neural extracellular matrix.
    [Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis]

    Abstract

    INDUSTRY AND POLICY NEWS

    ERC-USA Announces FDA Recommendation for Early Termination of Phase II Clinical Trial of ERC1671 (Gliovac or Sitoiganap) and Application for Registration Trial for Treatment of Glioblastoma

    ERC-USA and the University of California, Irvine has announced that the FDA has recommended early termination of the onging Phase II clinical trial titled ERC1671/GM-CSF/Cyclophosphamide for the treatment of glioblastoma.
    [ERC-USA (Globe Newswire, Inc.)]

    Press Release

    ClearPoint Neuro, Inc. Congratulates uniQure on Completion of Enrollment in First Cohort of Phase I/II Clinical Trial of AMT-130 for the Treatment of Huntington’s Disease

    ClearPoint Neuro, Inc. congratulated uniQure N.V. on the early completion of patient enrollment in the first dose cohort of a randomized, double-blinded, Phase I/II clinical trial of AMT-130 being conducted in the United States for the treatment of early-stage Huntington’s disease.
    [ClearPoint Neuro, Inc.]

    Press Release

    FEATURED EVENT

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    May 10 – 19, 2021
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    JOB OPPORTUNITIES

    Postdoctoral Fellow – Systems Neuroscience

    NIH National Institute on Aging – Baltimore, Maryland, United States

    Postdoctoral Associate – Experimental Brain Ischemia/Stroke Research

    Duke University Medical Center – Durham, North Carolina, United States

    Postdoctoral Fellow – Neural Basis of Memory

    Florida Atlantic University – Jupiter, Florida, United States

    Postdoctoral Fellowship – Neuroscience

    University of Minnesota Medical Center – Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

    Postdoctoral Positions – Neuroscience

    University of California, San Francisco – San Francisco, California, United States

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