FoxM1 Promotes β-Catenin Nuclear Localization and Controls Wnt Target-Gene Expression and Glioma Tumorigenesis Here, scientists report that FoxM1 is a downstream component of Wnt signaling and is critical for β-catenin transcriptional function in tumor cells. [Cancer Cell] Abstract PDZ Binding of TARPγ-8 Controls Synaptic Transmission but Not Synaptic Plasticity The findings suggest that there are distinct TARP-dependent mechanisms for synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation. [Nat Neurosci] Abstract Novel Diffusion Barrier for Axonal Retention of Tau in Neurons and its Failure in Neurodegeneration Here, researchers used several Tau constructs labeled with photoconvertible Dendra2 to analyze its mobility in polarized neurons. [EMBO J] Abstract Systematic Discovery of Rab GTPases with Synaptic Functions in Drosophila Here, investigators present the first systematic characterization of neuronal expression, subcellular localization, and function of Rab GTPases in an organism with a brain. [Curr Biol] Abstract Phenotypically Aberrant Astrocytes that Promote Motoneuron Damage in a Model of Inherited Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Here, researchers report the isolation of astrocytes with aberrant phenotype from primary spinal cord cultures of symptomatic rats expressing the SOD1G93A mutation. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract | Press Release Phosphorylation of the Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel Kv2.1 by AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Regulates Membrane Excitability The results suggest that activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in neurons during conditions of metabolic stress exerts a protective role by reducing neuronal excitability and thus conserving energy. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract | Press Release Ischemia-Induced Calpain Activation Causes Eukaryotic (Translation) Initiation Factor 4G1 (eIF4GI) Degradation, Protein Synthesis Inhibition, and Neuronal Death Researchers tested the hypothesis that persistent protein synthesis inhibition and neuronal death are causally linked. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract AAV Transduction of Dopamine Neurons with Constitutively Active Rheb Protects From Neurodegeneration and Mediates Axon Regrowth Researchers have investigated the ability of a constitutively active form of the GTPase Rheb, an important activator of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, to mediate neurotrophic effects in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra, a population of neurons affected in Parkinson’s disease. [Mol Ther] Abstract Intracerebroventricular Administration of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells Delays Disease Progression in Two Murine Models of Motor Neuron Degeneration In attempt to improve the potential efficacy of human cord blood mononuclear cells (HuCB-MNCs) in the central nervous system, researchers examined the effect and distribution of Hoechst 33258-labeled HuCB-MNCs after a single bilateral intracerberoventricular injection in two models of motor neuron degeneration, the transgenic SOD1G93A and wobbler mice. [Rejuvenation Res] Abstract Reversing Nerve Cell Pathology by Optimizing Modulatory Action on Target Ion Channels Using computational modeling and optimization, researchers aimed at reversing the pathological characteristics and restoring normal neural function by altering ion channel properties. [Biophys J] Abstract |