Pancreatic Cell News Volume 10.05 | Feb 12 2019

TOP STORY

Defining Multistep Cell Fate Decision Pathways during Pancreatic Development at Single-Cell Resolution

Researchers discovered previously undefined programs representing the earliest events in islet α- and β-cell lineage allocation as well as the developmental pathway of the “first wave” of α-cell generation. [EMBO J] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

DIABETES & PANCREATITIS

Involvement of the Adhesion GPCRs Latrophilins in the Regulation of Insulin Release

In vitro and ex vivo analyses showed that distinct splice variants of the latrophilin LPHN3/ADGRL3 decreased insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells by reducing intracellular cyclic AMP levels via the G_i-mediated pathway. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Glycated Insulin Exacerbates the Cytotoxicity of Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptides: A Vicious Cycle in Type 2 Diabetes

Four physiologically relevant monosaccharides, methylglyoxal, glucose, fructose and ribose were used to glycate human insulin and two C-terminus truncated insulin analogues. [ACS Chem Biol] Abstract

Synergic Effects of Oxygen Supply and Antioxidants on Pancreatic β-Cell Spheroids

The authors demonstrated that antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, could neutralize islet damage caused by increased reactive oxygen species in the cell culture environment. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Curcumin and (-)- Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Protect Murine MIN6 Pancreatic Beta-Cells Against Iron Toxicity and Erastin-Induced Ferroptosis

MIN6 cells exposed to erastin alone showed elevated levels of iron, glutathione depletion, glutathione peroxidase 4 degradation and lipid peroxidation compared to cells that were protected by pre-treatment with curcumin or epigallocatechin-3-gallate. [Pharmaceuticals (Basel)] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

PANCREATIC CANCER

Pre-Existing Functional Heterogeneity of Tumorigenic Compartment as the Origin of Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Tumors

Using clonal replica tumors to conduct quantitative assessments of adaptive responses to therapeutics, scientists uncovered a multitude of functionally heterogeneous subpopulations of cells with differential degrees of drug sensitivity. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

ER Stress Sensor, Glucose Regulatory Protein 78 (GRP78) Regulates Redox Status in Pancreatic Cancer Thereby Maintaining “Stemness”

Investigators determined that GRP78 downregulation decreased clonogenicity and self-renewal properties in pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro. In vivo studies resulted in delayed tumor initiation frequency, as well as smaller tumor volume in the shGRP78 groups. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Establishment and Characterization of Four Novel Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines and PDX Models Expressing the RET/PTC1 Rearrangement, BRAFV600E, or RASQ61R as Drivers

Moderate to high levels of PAX8 and variable levels of NKX2.1 were detected in each cell line and patient derived xenografts (PDX). CUTC5 and CUTC60 cell lines formed tumors in orthotopic and flank xenograft mouse models. [Mol Cancer Res] Abstract

Soluble TRAIL Armed Human MSC As Gene Therapy For Pancreatic Cancer

The authors demonstrated that soluble TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (sTRAIL) was thermally stable and able to induce apoptosis in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) lines BxPC-3, MIA PaCa-2 and against primary PDAC cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article

LINC00052 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor through Negatively Modulating miR-330-3p in Pancreatic Cancer

Researchers observed that LINC00052 was obviously downregulated in several pancreatic cancer cell lines. Overexpression of LINC00052 greatly repressed AsPC-1 and SW1990 cell proliferation, triggered apoptosis and prevented the cell cycle in the G1 phase. [J Cell Physiol] Abstract

LncRNA TUSC7 Suppresses Pancreatic Carcinoma Progression by Modulating miR-371a-5p Expression

Scientists revealed that tumor suppressor candidate 7 (TUSC7) repressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and stemness, whereas it facilitated cell apoptosis of pancreatic carcinoma cells. [J Cell Physiol] Abstract

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Molecular Pathways Linking Adipose Innervation to Insulin Action in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus

Investigators summarize the latest literature, which suggests that adipocytes signal to local sensory nerve fibers in response to perturbations in lipolysis and lipogenesis. [Nat Rev Endocrinol] Abstract

Nanotechnology in Cell Replacement Therapies for Type 1 Diabetes

The authors consider nanotechnology in cell replacement therapies for type 1 diabetes. [Adv Drug Deliv Rev] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the pancreatic cell research field.

Advanced Accelerator Applications Announces Health Canada Approval for Lutathera™, a Treatment for Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Advanced Accelerator Applications S.A. announced that Health Canada has approved Lutathera™ for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic, well-differentiated, somatostatin receptor-positive gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in adults with progressive disease. [Advanced Accelerator Applications S.A.] Press Release

New Cell-Based Technology by Cytonus Aims to Revolutionize the Fight against Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases

Cytonus Therapeutics Inc. announced that it has developed Cargocytes™ a first-of-its-kind, controllable, cell-based platform technology for delivery of biologics. [Cytonus Therapeutics Inc. (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release

UC Berkeley Team to Be Awarded CRISPR Patent

The University of California (UC), Berkeley, and its partners in developing CRISPR gene editing will receive the patent at the heart of an intellectual property dispute between the Berkeley team and the Broad Institute and its CRISPR collaborators. [The Scientist] Editorial

Violent Drug Cartels Stifle Mexican Science

Abandoned projects and delayed research have become common problems as security issues crop up across the country. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW Obesity and NAFLD: Mechanisms and Therapeutics
February 23-27, 2020
Banff, Alberta, Canada

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NEW Postdoctoral Position – Pancreatic Tissue Engineering (King’s College London)

NEW Postdoctoral Research Assistant – Stem Cell and Cancer Research (University of Oxford)

NEW Professor – Diabetes (University of California, San Diego)

Research Technologist – Pancreatic Cell Research (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

PhD Position – Pancreatic Cancer (Universitätsklinikum Münster)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Pancreatic Beta-Cells (City of Hope)

Clinical Professor – Diabetes (University of Southern Denmark)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Pancreatic Cancer (Dartmouth College)

Postdoctoral Fellowships – Cancer (Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University)

Faculty Position – Diabetes (Sanford Research)

Faculty Positions – Diabetes and Metabolism (Texas Tech University)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Developmental and Cancer Biology (University of Copenhagen)

Postdoctoral Research Associate – Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (King’s College London)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Neuroscience and Diabetes (The Child Health Institute of New Jersey)

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