Pancreatic Cell News 10.29 July 30, 2019 | |
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TOP STORYResearchers performed immunohistochemical analyses of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels in human pancreatic tissue arrays, comprising 59 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma specimens and 45 non-tumor tissues. They also studied mice with tamoxifen-inducible expression of oncogenic KRAS in acinar cells and fElasCreERT mice. KrasG12D/+ mice were placed on a high fat diet or regular chow diet and given injections of rhFGF21 or vehicle. [Gastroenterology] Abstract | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)DIABETES & PANCREATITISLysosomal Degradation of Newly Formed Insulin Granules Contributes to β Cell Failure in Diabetes Researchers report that metabolic stress markedly enhances macroautophagy-independent lysosomal degradation of nascent insulin granules. In different model systems of diabetes including of human origin, stress-induced nascent granule degradation contributed to loss of insulin along with mammalian/mechanistic Target of Rapamycin-dependent suppression of macroautophagy. [Nat Commun] Full Article Investigators established a Pdx1 promoter-dependent luciferase system and identified the natural compound dracorhodin perchlorate (DP) as an effective promotor of Pdx1 expression. They further demonstrated that DP could significantly inhibit β-cell apoptosis induced by 33 mM glucose or 200 μM palmitate by interfering with endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial pathways and enhance insulin secretion as well. [FEBS J] Abstract Scientists established a 3D culture using a human recombinant peptide (RCP) petaloid μ-piece with xeno-antigen free reagents. Briefly, they employed our two-step protocol to differentiate adipose-derived stem cells in 96-well dishes and cultured cells in xeno-antigen free reagents with 0.1 mg/mL RCP μ-piece for seven days, followed by addition of histone deacetylase inhibitor for 14 days. [Sci Rep] Full Article m6A mRNA Methylation Regulates Human β-Cell Biology in Physiological States and in Type 2 Diabetes Investigators report that the m6A landscape segregated human type 2 diabetes (T2D) islets from controls significantly better than the transcriptome and that m6A was vital for β-cell biology. m6A sequencing in human T2D islets revealed several hypomethylated transcripts that were involved in cell-cycle progression, insulin secretion, and the insulin/IGF1–AKT–PDX1 pathway. [Nat Metab] Abstract Scientists identified the expression pattern of connexin 43, a gap junction channel protein, in human embryonic stem cell-derived definitive endoderm and primitive gut tube cells, representing early lineages for posterior foregut, pancreatic progenitors, pancreatic endocrine progenitors and islet cells. [iScience] Abstract | Graphical Abstract | Full Article Coxsackievirus B Persistence Modifies the Proteome and the Secretome of Pancreatic Ductal Cells Researchers established persistent group B Coxsackieviruses (CVVB) infections in a human pancreatic ductal-like cell line PANC-1 using two distinct CVB1 strains, and profiled infection-induced changes in cellular protein expression and secretion using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. [iScience] Abstract | Graphical Abstract | Full Article PANCREATIC CANCERYAP1-Mediated Pancreatic Stellate Cell Activation Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Cell Proliferation Investigators determined that Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) was highly expressed in the nuclei of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-derived activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). RNAi-mediated or pharmacological inhibition of YAP1 led to PSC deactivation. [Cancer Lett] Abstract β8 Integrin Mediates Pancreatic Cancer Cell Radiochemoresistance The authors identified β8 integrin in a high-throughput knockdown screen in three-dimensional, extracellular matrix-based cell cultures for novel focal adhesion protein targets as critical determinant of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PADC) cell radiochemoresistance. Intriguingly, β8 integrin localized with the golgi apparatus perinuclearly in PDAC cells and resection specimen from PDAC patients. [Mol Cancer Res] Abstract In 3D culture, PK-1 cells had high E-cadherin and low vimentin expression and exhibited a round-like appearance encircled by flat cells. PANC-1 cells had high vimentin and low E-cadherin expression and formed grape-like spheres. [Sci Rep] Full Article The authors found that cadmium (Cd) exposure significantly inhibited insulin secretion and cell viability in the pancreatic β-cell-derived RIN-m5F cells. Cd exposure induced apoptotic events, including the increased populations of apoptotic cells and sub-G1-hypodiploid cells, and caspase-3/-7/-9 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activation, which largely depended on the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and C/EBP homologous protein. [Toxicology] Abstract | Graphical Abstract Subscribe to one of our other 19 science newsletters such as Hepatic Cell News & Intestinal Cell News. | |
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REVIEWSRethinking the Role of the Brain in Glucose Homeostasis and Diabetes Pathogenesis The brain plays a major role in homeostatic processes ranging from control of body temperature and fat mass to blood pressure and volume. Tight regulation of the circulating glucose level is similarly crucial for survival, and since the brain relies almost exclusively on glucose as a fuel source, it seems counterintuitive to think that the brain does not also play an important role in glucose homeostasis. [J Clin Invest] Full Article Omics Approaches in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Pancreatic cancer is expected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. Therefore, advances in screening, prevention and treatment are urgently needed. Fortunately, a wide range of approaches could help shed light in this area. [Cancers] Full Article Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the pancreatic cell research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSTyme Technologies, Inc. announced a new research collaboration with NYU Langone Health to advance the development of innovative treatments for patients with metastatic cancers, including pancreatic cancer. The collaboration will leverage NYU Langone’s state-of-the-art technologies to help inform the development of clinical therapies, focusing on identifying potential future biomarkers or combination approaches to treat cancer. [TYME Technologies] Press Release Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. received preliminary topline results from Sanofi for three Phase III trials of Zynquista™ in adults living with type 2 diabetes from the InSynchrony clinical program. Lexicon has not yet received the underlying data, and expects to conduct its own review and validation and statistical analysis of the data when they are received. [Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.] Press Release Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced that it would receive up to approximately $0.9 million in continued funding under its Small Business Innovation Research grant from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney diseases of the National Institutes of Health. [Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc.] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSVirtually all top medical journals require authors to disclose potential conflicts of interest, but few- just 12%- apply that same medicine to their own editors by publicly disclosing editors’ financial ties to industry, a study has found. [ScienceMagazine] Editorial Cuts and Dismissive Remarks Unnerve Mexican Scientists The initially warm relations between Mexico’s academic community and the country’s new president, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, have decidedly cooled. A package of harsh austerity measures, implemented on 3 May, has had a deep impact on federally funded laboratories and institutes; it includes a 30% cut to fuel for vehicles and office supplies and a 50% cut to international travel funds and payments to contract workers. Scientists say the cuts are a serious threat to the future of Mexican research. [ScienceMagazine] Editorial UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s Hardline Brexit Stance Stokes Fears for Scientists Boris Johnson, a charismatic and incautious politician with scant public views on science, became U.K. prime minister last week. He immediately packed his Cabinet with ministers pledging to exit the European Union by a 31 October deadline, even without a deal in place for an amicable divorce—the “no-deal Brexit” that economists predict would cause a recession and scientists say would cause additional hardships for research. [ScienceMagazine] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre (VCCC) Research Conference 2019 Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESNEW Scientific Communications Coordinator (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.) NEW Postdoctoral Researcher – Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis (Karolinska Institutet) Research Associate – Pathology and Treatment of Diabetes (King’s College London) Research Scientist – Endocrine Pancreas Development (Helmholtz Zentrum München) Postdoctoral Position – Immunology (Roswell Park Cancer Institute) Postdoctoral Researcher – Pancreas Cancer Research (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center) Research Lab Specialist – Tumor Microenvironment & Cell Behavior (University of Southern California) Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Drug Response Research (University of Texas at Austin) Research Positions – Pancreatic Beta-Cells (Université de Montréal) Postdoctoral Fellow – Neuroscience and Diabetes (The Child Health Institute of New Jersey) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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