Pancreatic Cell News Volume 10.44 | Nov 12 2019

TOP STORY

Adipsin Preserves Beta Cells in Diabetic Mice and Associates with Protection from Type 2 Diabetes in Humans

Scientists showed that chronic replenishment of adipsin in diabetic db/db mice ameliorated hyperglycemia and increased insulin levels while preserving beta cells by blocking dedifferentiation and death. [Nat Med] Abstract

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DIABETES & PANCREATITIS

Controlled Heterotypic Pseudo-Islet Assembly of Human β-Cells and HUVECs Using Magnetic Levitation

Researchers introduced a human-only cell line-based in vitro test system composed of a co-culture of β-cells and endothelial cells with a successful stimulation of β-cell secretory function monitored by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assays. [J Tissue Eng] Abstract | Full Article

The Beneficial Effects of a Muscarinic Agonist on Pancreatic β-Cells

The authors investigated the role of muscarinic agonists or acetylcholine in regulating pancreatic β-cell mass and glucose homeostasis. The muscarinic agonist increased the incorporation of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine into islets isolated from wild-type mice and pancreatic β-cell line MIN6. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Blockade of Multiple Monoamines Receptors Reduce Insulin Secretion from Pancreatic β-Cells

Investigators elucidated mechanisms by which olanzapine reduced insulin secretion using the hamster pancreatic β-cell line HIT-T15. Reverse transcriptional-PCR analysis revealed expression of dopamine, serotonin, and histamine receptors in HIT-T15 cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article

PANCREATIC CANCER

Development of Multi-Drug Loaded PEGylated Nanodiamonds to Inhibit Tumor Growth and Metastasis in Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Pancreatic Cancer

Researchers observed that irinotecan and curcumin in ultra-small PEGylated nanodiamonds was more efficacious in killing AsPC-1 and PANC-1 cells than nanodiamonds with single drugs. Using nanodiamonds functionalized with a near-infrared dye, they demonstrated the preferential localization of the nanodiamonds in tumors and metastatic lesions. [Nanoscale] Abstract

Three-Dimensional Visualization of Cleared Human Pancreas Cancer Reveals That Sustained Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Is Not Required for Venous Invasion

3D visualization revealed pancreatic cancer cells crossing the walls of veins at multiple points, often at points where preexisting capillary structures bridge the blood vessels. The neoplastic cells often retained a ductal morphology as they progressed from a stromal to intravenous location. [Mod Pathol] Abstract

ISG15 Pathway Knockdown Reverses Pancreatic Cancer Cell Transformation and Decreases Murine Pancreatic Tumor Growth via Downregulation of PDL-1 Expression

Investigators demonstrated that interferon-stimulated gene 15 pathway knockdown reversed the KRAS-associated phenotypes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells such as increased proliferation and colony formation. [Cancer Immunol Immunother] Abstract

Synergistic Activity of Hsp90 Inhibitors and Anticancer Agents in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Cultures

Pancreatic cancer cell lines were exposed to experimental heat shock protein 90 inhibitors, ICPD47 and ICPD62, alone and in combinations with antimetabolites gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil and topoisomerase inhibitor doxorubicin. [Sci Rep] Full Article

The New Role of Riluzole in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer through the Apoptosis and Autophagy Pathways

Investigators showed that riluzole could induce cytotoxicity, block the cell cycle, and inhibit clone formation, apoptosis, and migration in pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, they demonstrated that riluzole could suppress autophagy. [J Cell Biochem] Abstract

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From State-of-the-Art Treatments to Novel Therapies for Advanced-Stage Pancreatic Cancer

Larotrectinib, entrectinib and pembrolizumab have received FDA approval for the treatment of patients with tumors harbouring NTRK1-3 fusions and mismatch repair deficiencies. The authors describe the available data on the activity of these and other agents in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. [Nat Rev Clin Oncol] Abstract

The Inflammatory Effect of Epigenetic Factors and Modifications in Type 2 Diabetes

Scientists provide an overview of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the propagation and perpetuation of chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetes. They also discuss the possible anti-inflammatory approaches that target epigenetic factors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. [Inflammopharmacology] Abstract

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Hua Medicine’s Pivotal Phase III Monotherapy Trial of Dorzagliatin, a Dual-Acting Glucokinase Modulator, Achieves Primary Efficacy Endpoint in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Hua Medicine announced 24-week top-line results from HMM0301, the first Phase III trial of a novel first-in-class dual-acting glucokinase activator, dorzagliatin, which was designed to restore glucose homeostasis in adults with type 2 diabetes. [Hua Medicine Ltd] Press Release

Rafael Pharmaceuticals Joins the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network’s Scientific & Medical Affairs Industry Membership

Rafael Pharmaceuticals Inc. announced that it has joined the Scientific & Medical Affairs Industry Membership of the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network, a worldwide leader in the fight against pancreatic cancer. [Rafael Pharmaceuticals Inc. (GlobeNewswire, Inc.)] Press Release

More South Korean Academics Caught Naming Kids as Co-Authors

The number of South Korean academics accused of naming children as co-authors on research manuscripts – even though the children did not contribute to the research – continues to grow. [Nature News] Editorial

What the Protests and Violence in Chile Mean for Science

As universities shut down, researchers are demonstrating – and meeting with lawmakers to figure out if science can help solve socio-economic inequality. [Nature News] Editorial

E-Cigs and Opioids: The Next FDA Chief Will Face Several Ongoing Crises

Trump has nominated cancer physician Stephen Hahn to lead a food and drug agency in turmoil. [Nature News] Editorial

Why NIH Is Beefing Up Its Data Sharing Rules after 16 Years

The US National Institutes of Health last week released a draft policy that will require all investigators with NIH funding to make their data sets available to colleagues. For the first time, grantees holding any NIH-funded grant-not just those above a $500,000 threshold in direct costs-will need to submit a detailed plan for sharing data, including steps to protect the privacy of research subjects. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Google Partners with Major US Health System, Gaining Access to Vast Patient Data in the Process

Google has quietly launched a project with one of the nation’s largest nonprofit health systems in which it has gained access to millions of patient records, including names and birth dates, to help deliver more targeted medical treatment. [STAT News] Editorial

NEW Advancing Precision Medicine Drug Development: Incorporation of Real-World Data and Other Novel Strategies
January 9-12, 2020
San Diego, California, United States

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NEW Postdoctoral Position – Pancreatic Cancer Bioinformatics (University of Copenhagen)

NEW Postdoctoral Associate – Targeting Altered RNA Processing Mechanisms in Pancreatic Cancer (Yale University)

Postdoctoral Studentship – Pancreatic Cancer Immunology/Bioinformatics (Heidelberg University Hospital)

Postdoctoral Scholar – Pancreatic Cancer Cell Research (University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Islet Biology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (The Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Type I Diabetes Research (German Research Center for Environmental Health)

Studentship – Hormone Secretion in Islet Cells (Uppsala University)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (The University of Alabama at Birmingham)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Regenerative Medicine and Metabolic Biology (Indiana Biosciences Research Institute)

Research Positions – Pancreatic Beta-Cells (Université de Montréal)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Neuroscience and Diabetes (The Child Health Institute of New Jersey)

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