Pancreatic Cell News Volume 2.22 | Jun 7 2011

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    Pancreatic Cell News 2.22, June 7, 2011

         In this issue: Science News | Current Publications | Industry News | Policy News | Events
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    TOP STORY

    Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Deficiency Alters Pancreatic Islet Size and Improves Glucose Homeostasis in a Model of Insulin Resistance
    In this study, researchers tested the hypothesis that epoxyeicosatrienoic acids are involved in glucose regulation and in retarding the development of insulin resistance. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA]

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    SCIENCE NEWS

    Gene Therapy Reverses Type 1 Diabetes in Mice, Study Finds
    Researchers used their new gene therapy in a nonobese mouse model of Type 1 diabetes. The therapy attempts to counter the two defects that cause this autoimmune form of diabetes: autoimmune attack and destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells by T cells. [Press release from ScienceDaily discussing research presented at The Endocrine Society’s 93rd Annual Meeting in Boston]

    Engineering New Weapons in the Fight Against Juvenile Diabetes
    Engineering researchers are combining automation techniques from oil refining and other diverse areas to help create a closed-loop artificial pancreas. The device will automatically monitor blood sugar levels and administer insulin to patients with Type 1 diabetes, and aims to remove much of the guesswork for those living with the chronic disease. [Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Press Release]

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    CURRENT PUBLICATIONS (Ranked by Impact Factor of the Journal)

    DIABETES

    Hyperinsulinemia Leads to Uncoupled Insulin Regulation of the GLUT4 Glucose Transporter and the FoxO1 Transcription Factor
    Here researchers show in a model of chronic hyperinsulinemia that adipocytes develop selective insulin resistance in which translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface is blunted yet nuclear exclusion of the FoxO1 transcription factor is preserved, rendering uncoupled insulin-controlled carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA]

    IL-13Rα1 Expression on β-Cell–Specific T Cells in NOD Mice
    Here, researchers sought to discover whether p524-538–specific T cells could directly regulate islet-reactive T cells. [Diabetes]

    Autoreactive Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Acquire Higher Expression of Cytotoxic Effector Markers in the Islets of NOD Mice after Priming in Pancreatic Lymph Nodes
    It is unclear whether cytotoxic T lymphocytes function is driven by signals received in the lymph node or also in the inflamed tissue. Researchers studied whether the development of cytotoxicity requires further activation in islets. [Am J Pathol]

    β-Cell Loss and β-Cell Apoptosis in Human Type 2 Diabetes Are Related to Islet Amyloid Deposition
    Researchers investigated the possible relationship and, for the first time, determined whether increased islet amyloid and/or decreased β-cell area quantified on histological sections is correlated with increased β-cell apoptosis. [Am J Pathol]

    TRPM2 Modulates Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic β-Cells
    Although further examination is needed to clarify the mechanism of TRPM2-mediated insulin secretion, TRPM2 may be a key player in regulation of insulin secretion and could represent a new target for diabetes therapy. [Islets]

    PANCREATIC CANCER

    In Vivo Diagnosis of Murine Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Early-Stage Pancreatic Cancer by Molecular Imaging
    Using a cathepsin-activatable near-infrared probe in combination with flexible confocal fluorescence lasermicroscopy in a genetically defined mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, researchers were able to detect and grade murine pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions in real time in vivo. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA]

    The Efficacy of IGF-I Receptor Monoclonal Antibody against Human Gastrointestinal Carcinomas is Independent of k-ras Mutation Status
    In this study, researchers sought to evaluate the effect of a new monoclonal antibody for IGF-IR, figitumumab (CP-751,871), on the progression of human gastrointestinal carcinomas with/without k-ras mutation. [Clin Cancer Res]

    Fyn Requires HnRNPA2B1 and Sam68 to Synergistically Regulate Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer
    Researchers examined both the activity of Fyn and the expression of HnRNPA2B1 in human pancreatic cancer tissues, and systematically investigated the apoptotic mechanisms induced by Fyn activity using multiple experimental approaches. [Carcinogenesis]

    The ARF Tumor Suppressor Inhibits Tumor Cell Colonization Independent of p53 in a Novel Mouse Model of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Metastasis
    A better understanding of the genetic basis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) metastasis should facilitate development of improved therapies. To that end, researchers developed a novel mouse xenograft model of PDAC metastasis to expedite testing of candidate genes associated with the disease. [Mol Cancer Res]

    Evaluation of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Mucin Expression in Normal Pancreata
    It has been suggested that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) are closely related, but several reports indicate PanIN lesions can also be found in normal pancreata (normal PanINs). Researchers examined differences in mucin expression between normal PanIN lesions and PanINs in PDACs (PDAC PanINs). [J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci]

    INDUSTRY NEWS

    Nuvilex, Inc. Readies Pancreatic Cancer Treatment for Expanded Phase II Clinical Trials
    Nuvilex, Inc. announced it is aggressively engaging the steps necessary to use its encapsulated cell technology for pancreatic cancer in expanded Phase II clinical trials in the United States, Europe and Australia. [Nuvilex, Inc. Press Release]

    Fero Industries Successfully Completes Sucanon® Type-2 Diabetes Human Clinical Trials in the Middle East
    Fero Industries, Inc. is pleased to announce that independent human clinical trials of Sucanon® have been successfully completed in the Middle East. [Reuters]

    Diamyd Closes European Phase III Study
    Diamyd Medical AB reports that the Company has decided not to complete the follow-up period of a European Phase III study with the antigen-based therapy Diamyd®. [Diamyd Medical Press Release]

    Diamyd Regains Control of Diabetes Therapy
    Diamyd Medical AB announces it has regained control of the diabetes therapy Diamyd® following Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (OMJPI) election to terminate the agreement the two companies signed in June 2010 to develop and commercialize Diamyd®. [Diamyd Medical Press Release]

    POLICY NEWS

    National Institutes of Health (United States)

    Food and Drug Administration (United States)
     
    Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (United States)

    European Medicines Agency (European Union)

    Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (United Kingdom)

    National Health Service (United Kingdom)

    Therapeutic Goods Administration (Australia)

    EVENTS

    Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the pancreatic cell community.

    JOB OPPORTUNITIES

    Chemist (STEMCELL Technologies) 

    Research and Development Senior Technologist (STEMCELL Technologies)

    Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Diabetes/Cardiovascular Disease (Children’s Hospital Boston/Harvard Medical School)

    Postdoctoral Fellow with Expertise in Endocrinology and Mouse Models of Disease (National Spanish Research Council – CSIC)

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