| SCIENCE NEWS | Gene Therapy Reverses Type 1 Diabetes in Mice, Study Finds Researchers used their new gene therapy in a nonobese mouse model of Type 1 diabetes. The therapy attempts to counter the two defects that cause this autoimmune form of diabetes: autoimmune attack and destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells by T cells. [Press release from ScienceDaily discussing research presented at The Endocrine Society’s 93rd Annual Meeting in Boston] Engineering New Weapons in the Fight Against Juvenile Diabetes Engineering researchers are combining automation techniques from oil refining and other diverse areas to help create a closed-loop artificial pancreas. The device will automatically monitor blood sugar levels and administer insulin to patients with Type 1 diabetes, and aims to remove much of the guesswork for those living with the chronic disease. [Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Press Release]
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| CURRENT PUBLICATIONS (Ranked by Impact Factor of the Journal) | DIABETES Hyperinsulinemia Leads to Uncoupled Insulin Regulation of the GLUT4 Glucose Transporter and the FoxO1 Transcription Factor Here researchers show in a model of chronic hyperinsulinemia that adipocytes develop selective insulin resistance in which translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface is blunted yet nuclear exclusion of the FoxO1 transcription factor is preserved, rendering uncoupled insulin-controlled carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] IL-13Rα1 Expression on β-Cell–Specific T Cells in NOD Mice Here, researchers sought to discover whether p524-538–specific T cells could directly regulate islet-reactive T cells. [Diabetes] Autoreactive Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Acquire Higher Expression of Cytotoxic Effector Markers in the Islets of NOD Mice after Priming in Pancreatic Lymph Nodes It is unclear whether cytotoxic T lymphocytes function is driven by signals received in the lymph node or also in the inflamed tissue. Researchers studied whether the development of cytotoxicity requires further activation in islets. [Am J Pathol] β-Cell Loss and β-Cell Apoptosis in Human Type 2 Diabetes Are Related to Islet Amyloid Deposition Researchers investigated the possible relationship and, for the first time, determined whether increased islet amyloid and/or decreased β-cell area quantified on histological sections is correlated with increased β-cell apoptosis. [Am J Pathol] TRPM2 Modulates Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic β-Cells Although further examination is needed to clarify the mechanism of TRPM2-mediated insulin secretion, TRPM2 may be a key player in regulation of insulin secretion and could represent a new target for diabetes therapy. [Islets] PANCREATIC CANCER In Vivo Diagnosis of Murine Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Early-Stage Pancreatic Cancer by Molecular Imaging Using a cathepsin-activatable near-infrared probe in combination with flexible confocal fluorescence lasermicroscopy in a genetically defined mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, researchers were able to detect and grade murine pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions in real time in vivo. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] The Efficacy of IGF-I Receptor Monoclonal Antibody against Human Gastrointestinal Carcinomas is Independent of k-ras Mutation Status In this study, researchers sought to evaluate the effect of a new monoclonal antibody for IGF-IR, figitumumab (CP-751,871), on the progression of human gastrointestinal carcinomas with/without k-ras mutation. [Clin Cancer Res] Fyn Requires HnRNPA2B1 and Sam68 to Synergistically Regulate Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Researchers examined both the activity of Fyn and the expression of HnRNPA2B1 in human pancreatic cancer tissues, and systematically investigated the apoptotic mechanisms induced by Fyn activity using multiple experimental approaches. [Carcinogenesis] The ARF Tumor Suppressor Inhibits Tumor Cell Colonization Independent of p53 in a Novel Mouse Model of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Metastasis A better understanding of the genetic basis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) metastasis should facilitate development of improved therapies. To that end, researchers developed a novel mouse xenograft model of PDAC metastasis to expedite testing of candidate genes associated with the disease. [Mol Cancer Res] Evaluation of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Mucin Expression in Normal Pancreata It has been suggested that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) are closely related, but several reports indicate PanIN lesions can also be found in normal pancreata (normal PanINs). Researchers examined differences in mucin expression between normal PanIN lesions and PanINs in PDACs (PDAC PanINs). [J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci] |
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