DIABETES & PANCREATITIS Nrf2 Protects Pancreatic ß-Cells from Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in Diabetic Model Mice Investigators found that NF-E2-related-factor-2 induction suppressed the oxidative DNA-adduct formation in pancreatic islets of iNOS-Tg mice and strongly restored insulin secretion from pancreatic ß-cells under reactive species-damage. [Diabetes] Abstract Exosomes Released by Islet-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Trigger Autoimmune Responses in NOD Mice To investigate whether primary islet cells can produce exosomes, scientists isolated cells from the islet of Langerhans of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and cultured them in vitro. Interestingly, cultured islets release fibroblast-like, fast-replicating cells that express mesenchymal stem cell markers including CD105 and Sca-1. [Diabetes] Abstract Melatonin Prevents Pancreatic ß-Cell Loss Due to Glucotoxicity: The Relationship between Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Scientists evaluated the differential effect of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress on ß-cell glucotoxicity, by employing melatonin which has free radical-scavenging and antioxidant properties. As expected, in ß-cells exposed to prolonged high glucose levels, cell viability and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion were significantly impaired. [J Pineal Res] Abstract Effect of Silymarin in Pdx-1 Expression and the Proliferation of Pancreatic ß-Cells in a Pancreatectomy Model Previously, scientists have demonstrated that Silymarin recovers the normal morphology and endocrine function of damaged pancreatic tissue in alloxan induced diabetic rats. They analyzed the effect of Silymarin in Pdx1 gene expression and its repercussion on insulin gene expression and ß-cell proliferation. [Phytomedicine] Abstract The Efficacy of SPA0355 in Protecting ß Cells in Isolated Pancreatic Islets and in a Murine Experimental Model of Type 1 Diabetes The effects of SPA0355 on ß-cell survival were studied in RINm5F cells and primary islets. SPA0355 completely prevented cytokine-induced nitric oxide synthase expression and cytotoxicity in RINm5F cells and isolated islets. [Exp Mol Med] Full Article Effects of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-? Activation on Apoptosis in Rats with Acute Pancreatitis Researchers investigated the effects and mechanisms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-? activation on the induction of apoptosis in rats with acute pancreatitis. [Dig Dis Sci] Abstract PANCREATIC CANCER GLI1 Interferes with the DNA Mismatch Repair System in Pancreatic Cancer through BHLHE41-Mediated Suppression of MLH1 Researchers showed that GLI1 and GLI2 indirectly suppressed the expression of MLH1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Through GLI1-target gene screening, we found that GLI1 and GLI2 activated the expression of a basic-helix-loop-helix type suppressor BHLHE41 / DEC2 / SHARP1 through a GLI-binding site in the promoter. [ Cancer Res] Abstract Synergistic Interaction of Novel Lactate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors with Gemcitabine against Pancreatic Cancer Cells in Hypoxia Scientists investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological interaction of novel lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-A) inhibitors in combination with gemcitabine in pancreatic-ductal-adenocarcinoma cells. Lactate dehydrogenase A was significantly increased under hypoxic conditions, where the novel LDH-A inhibitors proved to be particularly effective. [Brit J Cancer] Abstract A Novel Regulatory Mechanism of Pim-3 Kinase Stability and Its Involvement in Pancreatic Cancer Progression Translationally-controlled tumor protein (TCTP) was aberrantly expressed in human pancreatic cancer cells and malignant ductal epithelial cells, but not in normal pancreatic duct epithelial cells adjacent to tumor foci of human pancreatic cancer tissue. Moreover, TCTP co-localized with Pim-3 both in human pancreatic cancer cells and clinical tissues. [Mol Cancer Res] Abstract Combination Treatment of Human Pancreatic Cancer Xenograft Models with the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Erlotinib and Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus HF10 Researchers evaluated the efficacy of HF10, a herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant, in combination with erlotinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in human pancreatic cancer xenograft models. [Ann Surg Oncol] Abstract |