Pancreatic Cell News Volume 6.01 | Jan 13 2015

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    Pancreatic Cell News 6.01 January 13, 2015

    Pancreatic Cell News

         In this issue: Publications | Reviews | Industry News | Policy News | Events | Jobs
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    TOP STORY
    Loss of FFA2 and FFA3 Increases Insulin Secretion and Improves Glucose Tolerance in Type 2 Diabetes
    Scientists demonstrate that the short-chain fatty acid receptors FFA2 and FFA3 are expressed in mouse and human pancreatic beta cells and mediate an inhibition of insulin secretion by coupling to Gi-type G proteins. [Nat Med] Abstract
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    PUBLICATIONS (Ranked by impact factor of the journal)
    DIABETES & PANCREATITIS

    High-Throughput Luminescent Reporter of Insulin Secretion for Discovering Regulators of Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function
    Researchers report a luminescent insulin secretion assay that enables large-scale investigations of beta-cell function, created by inserting Gaussia luciferase into the C-peptide portion of proinsulin. [Cell Metab]
    Abstract | Graphical Abstract

    Phosphorylation of Caveolin-1 on Tyrosine-14 Induced by ROS Enhances Palmitate-Induced Death of Beta-Pancreatic Cells
    Researchers tested whether the presence of caveolin-1 modulates free fatty acid-induced beta cell death by reexpressing this protein in MIN6 murine beta cells lacking caveolin-1. Incubation of MIN6 with palmitate, but not oleate, induced apoptotic cell death that was enhanced by the presence of caveolin-1. [Biochim Biophys Acta] Abstract

    TRPM2 Mediated Intracellular Zn2+ Release Triggers Pancreatic Beta Cell Death
    Given Zn2+ is cytotoxic, scientists asked if transient receptor potential (melastatin)2 (TRPM2) channels can permeate sufficient Zn2+ to affect cell viability. To address this, they used the INS1 β-cell line, HEK-293 cells transfected with TRPM2 and pancreatic islets. [Biochem J] Abstract

    Cyclin C Stimulates Beta-Cell Proliferation in Rat and Human Pancreatic Beta-Cells
    Scientists hypothesized that cyclin C overexpression would induce beta-cell proliferation through G0 exit, thus being a potential therapeutic target to recover functional beta-cell mass. [Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab] Abstract

    PANCREATIC CANCER

    A Novel CDC25B Promoter Based Oncolytic Adenovirus Inhibited Growth of Orthotopic Human Pancreatic Tumors in Different Preclinical Models
    Scientists investigated the in vitro lytic effect and the in vivo therapeutic efficacy in combination with gemcitabine, on human pancreatic tumor xenografts orthotopically growing in nude mice, and in tumors growing in Syrian hamsters. AV25CDC exhibited a strong in vitro lytic effect on pancreatic cancer cells. [Clin Cancer Res] Abstract

    Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK3) Inhibition Induces Pro-Survival Autophagic Signals in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells
    Researchers show that GSK3 inhibition induces pro-survival signals through increased activity of the autophagy/lysosomal network. Data also revealed a contribution of GSK3 in the regulation of the master transcriptional regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, transcription factor EB in pancreatic cancer cells. [J Biol Chem] Abstract | Full Article

    CD44 Regulates Pancreatic Cancer Invasion through MT1-MMP
    Using both in vitro and in vivo approaches, investigators demonstrated that CD44, a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on a subset of pancreatic cancer cells, is required for the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the activation of an invasive program in pancreatic cancer. [Mol Cancer Res] Abstract

    Epigenetic Regulation of the lncRNA MEG3 and Its Target c-MET in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
    Scientists found that Meg3 has tumor suppressor activity in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cells because overexpression of Meg3 in MIN6 cells blocked cell proliferation and delayed cell cycle progression. [Mol Endocrinol] Abstract

    Identification of Cystatin SN as a Novel Biomarker for Pancreatic Cancer
    Scientists assessed whether cystatin SN is a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of malignant pancreatic neoplasms. Microarray analysis of mRNA extracted from pancreatic cancer and pancreatic normal tissues was performed. [Tumor Biol] Abstract

    Time and Concentration Dependency of P-gp, MRP1 and MRP5 Induction in Response to Gemcitabine Uptake in Capan-2 Pancreatic Cancer Cells
    Researchers investigated the time course and dose dependency of the induction of three efflux proteins, P-gp, MRP1 and MRP5, in response to gemcitabine exposure in Capan-2 pancreatic cancer cell line at transcriptional and translational levels. [Xenobiotica] Abstract

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    REVIEWS
    The Conflicting Roles of Tumor Stroma in Pancreatic Cancer and Their Contribution to the Failure of Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal
    The authors evaluate the evidence that supports a role of the stroma in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with functional experiments in relevant models, discuss the clinical trials that have aimed to target the stroma in this disease, and examine recent work that explains why these clinical trials based on stroma-targeting strategies have thus far not achieved the expected success. [Cancer Metastasis Rev] Abstract

    Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the pancreatic cell research field.

     
    INDUSTRY NEWS
    ViaCyte Receives Clearance from Health Canada for Diabetes Clinical Trial
    ViaCyte, Inc. has received a No Objection Letter from Health Canada providing clearance to proceed with sites in Canada for the company’s Phase I/II clinical trial of its VC-01™ product candidate. [ViaCyte, Inc.]
    Press Release

    JDRF to Honor Scientists for Their Outstanding Work in Advancing Type 1 Diabetes Research
    JDRF has selected a novel beta cell therapy research team, an immunologist, and a diabetes organ donation network and biorepository to receive its most prestigious annual recognitions during its forthcoming awards dinner. [JDRF] Press Release

    The Pancreatic Cancer Action Network and the National Cancer Institute’s Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Join Forces for Research Initiative
    The Pancreatic Cancer Action Network and the National Cancer Institute’s Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research have joined together to award two fellowships to support research on KRAS mutations that are relevant to pancreatic cancer in order to improve treatment outcomes. [Pancreatic Cancer Action Network] Press Release

    Novocure Announces the Completion of Enrollment of Its PANOVA Trial of Tumor Treating Fields plus Gemcitabine for Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer
    Novocure announced that the last patient has been enrolled in the PANOVA trial, an open-label Phase II clinical trial of tumor treating fields together with gemcitabine in twenty patients with newly-diagnosed advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. [Novocure] Press Release

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    POLICY NEWS
    National Institutes of Health (United States)

    Food and Drug Administration (United States)

    Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (United States)

    European Medicines Agency (European Union)

    Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (United Kingdom)

    Therapeutic Goods Administration (Australia)

     
    EVENTS
    NEW CIRM 2.0 Free Webinar – Changing the Way We Work
    January 21, 12:00 PM PST
    Online

    Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the pancreatic cell community.

     
    JOB OPPORTUNITIES
    NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Wnt Signaling in Development and Disease (Van Andel Research Institute)

    Postdoctoral Fellow – Dynamics of Regulatory Genomics (IGTP)

    Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation Governing Cancer Cell Behavior (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

    Postdoctoral Fellow – The Role of the Fas Pathway in Regulating Autoimmune Diabetes (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)

    Professorship – Molecular Mechanisms of Diabetes Pathogenesis (University of Southern Denmark)

    Research Technician – Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (Imperial College London)

    Assistant or Associate Professor – Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disease (University of California San Diego Health System)

    Postdoctoral Researcher – Chromatin and Epigenetic Regulation (Van Andel Research Institute)

    Postdoctoral Fellowship Position – Obesity and Diabetes Pathogenesis (NIDDK / NIH)

    Research Technologist – Media Development (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

    Scientist – Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology Endoderm Lineages (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

    Scientist – Pluripotent Stem Cell Media Development, High Throughput Screening (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

    Scientist – Cell Culture Support Products (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

    Scientist – Immunology/Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

    Research Associate – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

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