Pancreatic Cell News Volume 6.03 | Jan 27 2015

Distinct Roles of Beta Cell Mass and Function during Type 1 Diabetes Onset and Remission
Scientists demonstrate that infiltration reduces beta cell mass prior to diabetes and, together with emerging hyperglycemia, affects beta cell function. After immune intervention persisting hyperglycemia prevents functional recovery, but promotes beta cell mass increase in mouse islets. [Diabetes] Abstract

Exercise Increases Pancreatic β-Cell Viability in a Model of Type 1 Diabetes through IL-6 Signaling
Scientists investigated how exercise signals β cells in type 1 diabetes condition. Islets from control mice and β-cell lines were incubated with serum from control or trained mice or medium obtained from 5-aminoimidazole-4 carboxamide1-β-D-ribofuranoside-treated C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. [FASEB J] Abstract

Beta-Cell Destruction and Preservation in Childhood and Adult Onset Type 1 Diabetes
Researchers performed whole pancreas analyses in two type 1 diabetes (T1D) cases, one of childhood onset along with an adult onset case. Both cases were matched for age and gender with control subjects. Striking regional differences in beta-cell loss were observed in both T1D cases, with severity of loss in the order of tail > body > head regions. [Endocrine] Abstract

Endothelial Cells Control Pancreatic Cell Fate at Defined Stages through EGFL7 Signaling
Using a coculture system containing human embryonic stem cell-derived progenitors and endothelial cells, scientists found that endothelial cells play a stage-dependent role in pancreatic development, in which they maintain pancreatic progenitor self-renewal and impair further differentiation into hormone-expressing cells. [Stem Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

PANCREATIC CANCER

Pharmacological Activation of Myosin II Paralogs to Correct Cell Mechanics Defects
Scientists demonstrate 4-hydroxyacetophenone’s ability to convert the mechanical profile of metastasis-derived pancreatic cancer cells toward a normal WT-like state. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA]
Abstract | Press Release

Intracellular Annexin A2 Regulates NF-κB Signaling by Binding to the p50 Subunit: Implications for Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer
The role of intracellular annexin A2 (ANXA2) was investigated in a pancreatic cancer cell line. Researchers determined whether ANXA2 is involved in NF-κB signaling pathways. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

CD95 Promotes Metastatic Spread via Sck in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
In silico analysis of RNA profiles of 36 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) reveals an association of the expression of CD95 with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness that was validated in cancer stem cells isolated from PDAC surgical specimens. CD95 expression was also higher in metastatic pancreatic cells than in primary PDAC. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Engineered Adenoviruses Combine Enhanced Oncolysis with Improved Virus Production by Mesenchymal Stromal Carrier Cells
Scientists show that an Ad5/3 chimeric oncolytic adenovirus capsid, containing the adenovirus serotype 3 cell-binding domain, strongly increases the entry into human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and into established and primary pancreatic cancer cells. [Int J Cancer] Abstract

Ratio of Phosphorylated HSP27 to Nonphosphorylated HSP27 Biphasically Acts as a Determinant of Cellular Fate in Gemcitabine-Resistant Pancreatic Cancer Cells
After acquisition of gemcitabine resistance, cancer cells showed higher activity of NF-κB. NF-κB activity, as well as colony formation in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells, was significantly decreased by HSP27 downregulation and subsequent TRAIL treatment, showing that HSP27 was a common network mediator of gemcitabine/TRAIL-induced cell death. [Cell Signal] Abstract

How Apoptotic β-Cells Direct Immune Response to Tolerance or to Autoimmune Diabetes: A Review
The authors summarize the effects of apoptosis of β-cells towards autoimmunity or tolerance and its application in the field of emerging immunotherapies. [Apoptosis] Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the pancreatic cell research field.

King’s College London Signs License Agreement with UCB in Immunology and Type 1 Diabetes
King’s College London announced that it has entered an exclusive license agreement with UCB that grants the company the rights to develop a peptide-based immunotherapy program for type 1 diabetes. [King’s College London] Press Release

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Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the pancreatic cell community.

NEW Research Laboratory Technician – Diabetes (University of Massachusetts)

NEW PhD Scholarships – Diabetes (Danish Diabetes Academy)

Director (California Institute for Regenerative Medicine)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Wnt Signaling in Development and Disease (Van Andel Research Institute)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Dynamics of Regulatory Genomics (IGTP)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation Governing Cancer Cell Behavior (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – The Role of the Fas Pathway in Regulating Autoimmune Diabetes (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)

Professorship – Molecular Mechanisms of Diabetes Pathogenesis (University of Southern Denmark)

Assistant or Associate Professor – Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disease (University of California San Diego Health System)

Research Technologist – Media Development (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology Endoderm Lineages (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Pluripotent Stem Cell Media Development, High Throughput Screening (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Cell Culture Support Products (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Immunology/Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Associate – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

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