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Pulmonary Cell News| Pancreatic Cell News 9.06 February 13, 2018 | |
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TOP STORYα-Cell Glucokinase Suppresses Glucose-Regulated Glucagon Secretion The authors showed that α-cell glucokinase (Gck) plays a role in the control of glucagon secretion. Using mice with α-cell-specific inactivation of Gck, they found that glucokinase is required for the glucose-dependent increase in intracellular ATP/ADP ratio and the closure of KATP channels in α-cells and the suppression of glucagon secretion at euglycemic and hyperglycemic levels. [Nat Commun] Full Article | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)DIABETES & PANCREATITISSingle-Cell Analyses of Human Islet Cells Reveal De-Differentiation Signatures Investigators scrutinized ex vivo human islet cells from healthy donors and showed that they exhibit de-differentiation signatures. Using single-cell gene expression and immunostaining analyses, they found healthy islet cells to contain polyhormonal transcripts, and INS+ cells to express decreased levels of β-cell genes but high levels of progenitor markers. [Cell Death Discov] Full Article Researchers investigated the combined effects of high fat/high sucrose diet (HFD) feeding, aging and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-deficiency on tissue inflammation, insulin resistance and β-cell failure. In young mice, a short-term HFD resulted in a mildly impaired glucose tolerance and reduced insulin secretion, together with a β-cell mass compensation. [Sci Rep] Full Article Scientists examined the effects of different concentrations of epicatechin (EC) on H2O2 or hyperglycemia-induced ROS production, as well as on saturated fatty acid-impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 cell line in vitro. They showed that EC at a high concentration, but not a low concentration, significantly decreased H2O2 or hyperglycemia-induced ROS production in INS-1 cells. [Acta Pharmacol Sin] Abstract Virus-Like Infection Induces Human β Cell Dedifferentiation The authors examined whether viral infection could induce human β cell dedifferentiation. Using the functional human β cell line EndoC-βH1, they demonstrated that polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, a synthetic double-stranded RNA that mimics a byproduct of viral replication, induces a decrease in β cell-specific gene expression. [JCI Insight] Full Article PANCREATIC CANCERInvestigators demonstrated that HSP60 was aberrantly expressed in human pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines. Analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas database revealed that HSP60 expression is positively correlated with pancreatic cancer. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article Scientists observed lower expression of sialidase (Neu2) in different pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells, patient tissues, and a significant strong association with clinicopathological characteristics. Neu2-overexpressed cells indeed showed increased enzyme activity even on membrane. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article Researchers present evidence that Myc-associated zinc-finger protein (MAZ) mRNA expression and protein levels are increased in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines, tissue samples, a subcutaneous tumor xenograft in a nude mouse model, and spontaneous cancer in the genetically engineered PDAC mouse model. They also found that MAZ is predominantly expressed in pancreatic cancer stem cells. [J Biol Chem] Abstract | Full Article Investigators tested the hypothesis that epigenetic dysregulation of apoptosis mediators underlies pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resistance to gemcitabine, the standard chemotherapy for human PDAC. Inhibition of histone methyltransferase (HMTase) by a selective HMTase inhibitor, verticillin A, significantly increased human PDAC cell sensitivity to gemcitabine-induced growth suppression. [BMC Cancer] Full Article | |
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REVIEWSNovel Agents for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Emerging Therapeutics and Future Directions Biomarkers concerning the treatment outcome and patient selection are being discovered in preclinical or clinical studies. Combination therapies of classic chemotherapeutic drugs and novel agents or novel therapeutic combinations might bring hope to the dismal prognosis for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. [J Hematol Oncol] Full Article Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the pancreatic cell research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSRoivant Sciences and POXEL SA announced the signing of a strategic development and license agreement for imeglimin, an investigational oral therapy which has been developed by Poxel for the potential treatment of type 2 diabetes, in the U.S., Europe, and all other countries not covered by Poxel’s existing agreement in East and Southeast Asia. [Roivant Sciences Ltd.] Press Release JDRF Advocacy Results in Congressional Approval of $300 Million in Diabetes Research Funding Congress approved legislation for a two-year extension of the Special Diabetes Program, providing $300 million for type 1 diabetes research through the National Institutes of Health. [Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation] Press Release MabVax Therapeutics Holdings, Inc. announced positive interim results from the company’s ongoing Phase I trial evaluating MVT-5873 in combination with standard of care chemotherapy in patients newly diagnosed with pancreatic and other CA19-9 positive malignancies. [MabVax Therapeutics Holdings, Inc.] Press Release Applied Therapeutics Initiates Phase I Trial for AT-001 In Diabetic Complications Applied Therapeutics Inc. announced initiation of a Phase I clinical trial for AT-001, an oral small molecule in development for diabetic complications. [Applied Therapeutics Inc. (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSTrump Science Budget Sows Confusion US president makes last-minute decision to abandon proposal for major cuts to National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation and Department of Energy’s science office. [Nature News] Editorial Few UK Universities Have Adopted Rules against Impact-Factor Abuse Institutions have made little progress against the misuse of research metrics when hiring and promoting academics. [Nature News] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW Annual Meeting of the Israel Stem Cell Society 2018 Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESNEW Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Diabetes (University of Chicago) NEW Postdoctoral Research Assistant – Stem Cell Biology (University of Oxford) Postdoctoral Fellow – Diabetes Research (Joslin Diabetes Center) Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis (Moffitt Cancer Center) Postdoctoral Position – Pancreas Development and Stem Cells (Helmholtz Zentrum München) PhD Student Position – Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis (University Medical Center Freiburg) Research Program Manager – Pancreatic Cancer Program (University of Cambridge) Postdoctoral Research Scientist – Pancreatic Cancer (Columbia University) Professorship – Pancreas Development and Disease (Technischen Universität Dresden) Tenure-Track Group Leader Position – Pancreatic Cancer Biology (University of Copenhagen) Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Pancreatic Cancer (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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