Pancreatic Cell News 9.34 August 28, 2018 | |
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TOP STORYMetavert significantly reduced survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells but not non-transformed cells; the agent reduced markers of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and stem cells in PDAC cell lines. PDAC cells incubated with metavert acquired normalized glucose metabolism. [Gastroenterology] Abstract | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)DIABETES & PANCREATITISThe authors identified population markers and extensive cellular diversity including four endocrine progenitor (EP) subtypes reflecting EP maturation using high-resolution single-cell RNA-sequencing of the e14.5 and e16.5 mouse pancreas. They provided transcriptional maps outlining the route progenitors take as they make cell fate decisions, which could be applied to advance the in vitro generation of beta cells. [Nat Commun] Full Article STIM1 deletion led to reduced ER Ca2+ storage and increased ER stress, while STIM1 gain of function rescued β cell survival under pro-inflammatory conditions and improved insulin secretion in human islets from donors with type 2 diabetes. [Diabetes] Abstract Identification of Early Biological Changes in Palmitate-Treated Isolated Human Islets Scientists proposed that in palmitate-treated human islets, at early time points, protective events, including up-regulation of metallothioneins, tRNA synthetases and fatty acid-metabolizing proteins, dominated over deleterious events, including inhibition of fatty acid detoxification enzymes, which contributed to enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. [BMC Genomics] Full Article β-Arrestin1 Alleviates Acute Pancreatitis via Repression of NF-ҡBp65 Activation Targeted deletion of β-arrestin 1 (β-arr1) upregulated expression of pancreatic inflammatory mediators including TNF-α and IL-1β as well as IL-6, and aggravated acute pancreatitis in cerulein-induced mice. β-arr1 deficiency enhanced cerulein-induced phosphorylation of NF-κBp65 both in vivo and in vitro. [J Gastroenterol Hepatol] Abstract Valproate Inhibits Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion in Beta Cells Investigators demonstrated that exposure of insulin-secreting Min6 cells to a clinical dose of valproate (VPA) resulted in inositol depletion and loss of co-localization of subunit C of the vacuolar proton pump with insulin-secreting granules. A reduction of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was observed following VPA exposure. [Histochem Cell Biol] Abstract Scopoletin (SPL) supplementation significantly activated insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation which was suppressed in high fat, high fructose diet rats due to lipotoxicity. SPL significantly activated 5′-AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) and enhanced the association of IRS1-PI3K-Akt compared to the control group. [Mol Cell Biochem] Abstract PANCREATIC CANCERSTAT3 Is a Master Regulator of Epithelial Identity and KRAS-Driven Tumorigenesis Loss of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) associated with the acquisition of mesenchymal-like phenotypes and more aggressive tumor behavior. In contrast, persistent STAT3 activation through Tyr705 phosphorylation conferred a differentiated epithelial morphology that impacted tumorigenic potential. [Genes Dev] Abstract Scientists constructed a tumor microenvironment-responsive nanosystem, based on PEGylated polyethylenimine-coated gold nanoparticles, and utilized it to co-deliver all-trans retinoic acid and siRNA targeting heat shock protein 47 to re-educate pancreatic stellate cells. [Nat Commun] Full Article miR-7 Suppresses Tumor Progression via Directly Targeting MAP3K9 in Pancreatic Cancer Investigators found that miR-7 suppressed cell growth, migration and invasion, but induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer (PC) cells. MAP3K9 was a direct target of miR-7, which significantly enhanced PC cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis partly through the activation of the MEK/ERK pathway and the NF-κB pathway. [Mol Ther Nucleic Acids] Abstract | Full Article GATA4 Inhibits Cell Differentiation and Proliferation in Pancreatic Cancer Ectopic expression of the GATA4 gene reduced cell viability and interference of GATA4 expression significantly increased the colony formation ability of pancreatic cancer cells. Researchers indicated that the genes with significant levels of differential expression in GATA4 over-expressing cells were enriched in the cell differentiation process. [PLoS One] Full Article Subscribe to one of our other 19 science newsletters such as Hepatic Cell News & Intestinal Cell News. | |
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REVIEWSThe authors provide a comprehensive overview of the role of CXCL12-α signaling in β-cell biology, physiology and immune regulation. They discuss CXCL12-α signaling mechanisms that could be harnessed to modulate β-cell autoimmunity, protect and preserve functional β-cell mass and for cell replacement therapy in type 1 diabetes. [Pharmacol Ther] Abstract Islet MicroRNAs in Health and Type-2 Diabetes Investigators discuss how microRNAs can regulate their target protein expression and phenotypic output, present the status of nutritional regulation of microRNA expression, and summarize work on microRNA expression in human islets. [Curr Opin Pharmacol] Abstract Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the pancreatic cell research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSEvotec and Novo Nordisk Form Strategic Research Alliance in Diabetes and Obesity Evotec AG announced a strategic alliance with Novo Nordisk to discover and develop novel small molecule therapies to treat patients suffering from diabetes and obesity as well as co-morbidities such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetic kidney disease. [Evotec AG] Press Release Koligo Introduces KYSLECEL™ Autologous Cell Therapy Product Koligo Therapeutics, Inc. announced the formal introduction of KYSLECEL in the Eastern United States. KYSLECEL is made from a patient’s own pancreatic islets – the cells that make insulin to regulate blood sugar. KYSLECEL is intended to preserve insulin secretory capacity in chronic or acute recurrent pancreatitis patients after total pancreatectomy. [Koligo Therapeutics, Inc.] Press Release Referred to as TIMES (Trials of IMeglimin for Efficacy and Safety), the imeglimin Phase III registration program in Japan includes three pivotal trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of imeglimin in approximately 1,100 patients. [Poxel SA] Press Release Monarch Medical Technologies Granted U.S. Patent for Approach to Inpatient Insulin Therapy The patent describes the unique methods and systems for more individualized insulin therapy in the inpatient setting, including accounting for the future insulin activity for intravenous and subcutaneous insulin therapy. [Monarch Medical Technologies] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSIndia Targets Universities in Predatory-Journal Crackdown Most academics regard predatory journals as an irritant – if not a threat – to science. But in India, some universities have recommended the inclusion of such publications in the country’s ‘white list’ of approved journals. Now the government is cracking down on this practice, which scientists say came about as a result of perverse government incentives. [Nature News] Editorial US Senate Passes Spending Bill Granting NIH $39.1 Billion The US Senate passed a spending bill allotting $39.1 billion to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for the 2019 fiscal year starting on October 1. [The Scientist] Editorial NIH Investigating Whether U.S. Scientists Are Sharing Ideas with Foreign Governments Fears that foreign governments are tapping U.S.-funded research for valuable information have reached the nation’s largest research funder, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland. The NIH sent a letter to more than 10,000 research institutions, urging them to ensure that NIH grantees are properly reporting their foreign ties. [ScienceInsider] Editorial No-Deal Brexit ‘Worse than Thought’ for Science The impact of a no-deal Brexit on British science could be worse than previously thought, according to a new analysis. The campaign group Scientists for EU has studied the Brexit technical notes released by the government. One of the documents states the UK would no longer be eligible for three of the EU’s major funding programs. [The BBC] Editorial Dartmouth Misconduct Case Highlights the Mistreatment of Junior Scientists The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice probably isn’t the most collegial of places these days. That’s because Dartmouth officials agreed with Samir Soneji, an associate professor at the New Hampshire University, that his colleague Dr. H. Gilbert Welch, a leading expert on cancer screening and overtreatment, used data that belonged to Soneji and a collaborator in California in a subsequent publication without even a hat tip. [STAT News] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW Cell Symposia: Engineering Organoids and Organs Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESCaspar Wistar Fellows – Cancer Biology (The Wistar Institute) Postdoctoral Researcher – Diabetes Research (UC San Diego School of Medicine) Postdoctoral Associate – Biology of the Pancreas and Diabetes (University of Minnesota) Assistant/Associate/Full Professor – Diabetes & Neuroscience (Indiana University School of Medicine) Postdoctoral Position – Beta Cell Research (Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen) Postdoctoral Positions – Immunology of Diabetes (Cochin Institute) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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