Prostate Cell News Volume 2.05 | Feb 11 2011

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LABORATORY RESEARCH

The Genomic Complexity of Primary Human Prostate Cancer
Here scientists present the complete sequence of seven primary human prostate cancers and their paired normal counterparts. [Nature]

Cancer Genetics-Guided Discovery of Serum Biomarker Signatures for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer
Here researchers describe a two-stage strategy for the discovery of serum biomarker signatures corresponding to specific cancer-causing mutations and its application to prostate cancer in the context of the commonly occurring phosphatase and tensin homolog tumor-suppressor gene inactivation. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA]

Altered TGF-Beta Signaling in a Subpopulation of Human Stromal Cells Promotes Prostatic Carcinogenesis
To determine the mechanisms by which stromal heterogeneity because of loss of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptor II might contribute to cancer progression, investigators attenuated TGF-beta signaling in a subpopulation of immortalized human prostate fibroblasts in a model of tumor progression. [Cancer Res]

Homeodomain Protein DLX4 Counteracts Key Transcriptional Control Mechanisms of the TGF-Beta Cytostatic Program and Blocks the Antiproliferative Effect of TGF-Beta
Researchers demonstrate that DLX4 blocks the antiproliferative effect of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). [Oncogene]

Systematic Biochemical Analysis of Somatic Missense Mutations in DNA Polymerase Beta Found in Prostate Cancer Reveal Alteration of Enzymatic Function
Investigators have previously identified 20 somatic pol beta mutations in prostate tumors, many of them missense. In the current paper they describe the effect of all of these somatic missense pol beta mutations (p.K27N, p.E123K, p.E232K, p.P242R, p.E216K, p.M236L, and the triple mutant p.P261L/ T292A/ I298T) on the biochemical properties of the polymerase in vitro, following bacterial expression and purification of the respective enzymatic variants. [Hum Mutat]

Low Dose Valproic Acid Enhances Radiosensitivity of Prostate Cancer through Acetylated p53-Dependent Modulation of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Apoptosis
In this study, scientists demonstrate in prostate cancer cells that Valproic acid at low concentrations has minimal cytotoxic effects, yet can significantly increase radiation induced apoptosis. [Mol Cancer Res]

ERG Oncogene Modulates Prostaglandin Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells
This study suggests that ETS related gene (ERG) activation plays a role in prostaglandin signaling because knockdown of ERG expression in TMPRSS2-ERG fusion containing prostate cancer cells leads to altered levels of the 15-hydroxy-prostaglandin dehydrogenase, a tumor suppressor and prostaglandin catabolizing enzyme, and prostaglandin E2. [Cancer Biol Ther]

Effects of Nobiletin on PhIP-Induced Prostate and Colon Carcinogenesis in F344 Rats
The current study was designed to investigate the effects of nobiletin (5,6,7,8,3′,4′-hexamethoxy flavone) on 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) – induced prostate and colon carcinogenesis. [Nutr Cancer]

CLINICAL RESEARCH

Prognostic Value of an RNA Expression Signature Derived from Cell Cycle Proliferation Genes in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective Study
The results of this study provide strong evidence that the cell cycle progression score is a robust prognostic marker, which, after additional validation, could have an essential role in determining the appropriate treatment for patients with prostate cancer. [Lancet Oncol]

Activation of the Androgen Receptor by Intratumoral Bioconversion of Androstanediol to Dihydrotestosterone in Prostate Cancer
In this report, researchers demonstrate the extent of androgen receptor transactivation in the presence of 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol (androstanediol) in prostate-derived cell lines parallels the bioconversion of androstanediol to dihydrotestosterone. [Cancer Res]

Intact and Internally Cleaved Free Prostate-Specific Antigen in Patients With Prostate Cancer With Different Pathologic Stages and Grades
The objective of this study is to measure the concentration levels of free prostate-specific antigen isoforms in patients with prostate cancer selected for curative treatment using radical prostatectomy and to study the association between the isoforms and the pathologic cancer stage and grade. [Urology]

National Institutes of Health (United States

Food and Drug Administration (United States)

Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (United States)

European Medicines Agency (European Union)

Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (United Kingdom)

Therapeutic Goods Administration (Australia)

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