Prostate Cell News Volume 3.39 | Oct 12 2012

LABORATORY RESEARCH

Ligand-Independent Activation of Ephrin Receptor A2 by Arachidonic Acid Induces Metastasis-Like Behavior in Prostate Cancer Cells
Researchers investigated the signaling mechanism by which the omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid induces prostatic cellular migration to bone marrow stroma. [Br J Cancer] Abstract

Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Leads to Docetaxel Resistance in Prostate Cancer and Is Mediated by Reduced Expression of MicroRNA (miR)-200c and miR-205
To uncover key mechanisms of docetaxel insensitivity in prostate cancer, the authors established docetaxel-resistant sublines. They report that docetaxel-resistant cells underwent an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition during the selection process, leading to diminished E-cadherin levels and up-regulation of mesenchymal markers. [Am J Pathol] Full Article

Nuclear Signal of Androgen Receptor (NES^AR) Regulation of Androgen Receptor Level in Human Prostate Cell Lines via Ubiquitination and Proteasome-Dependent Degradation
Using fluorescence microscopy, Western blot, and pulse chase assay, researchers showed that nuclear export signal (NES)^AR can significantly enhance the degradation of fusion protein constructs in PC3 prostate cancer cells. [Endocrinology] Abstract

4-O-Methylhonokiol, a Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma Agonist, Inhibits Prostate Tumor Growth: p21 Mediated Suppression of NF-KB Activity
Scientists investigated the effects of 4-O-methylhonokiol, a constituent of Magnolia officinalis, on human prostate cancer cell growth and its mechanism of action. [Br J Pharmacol] Abstract

Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase by 3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) Is Associated with Human Prostate Cancer Cell Death In Vitro and In Vivo
The authors uncovered whether AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a molecular target of BR-DIM (B-DIM) in human prostate cancer cells. Results showed that B-DIM could activate the AMPK signaling pathway, associated with suppression of the mammalian target of rapamycin, down-regulation of androgen receptor expression, and induction of apoptosis in both androgen-sensitive and androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells. [PLoS One] Full Article

Nuclear Factor-Kappa B and Interleukin-6 Related Docetaxel Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Scientists investigated the dynamics of the relationship between nuclear factor-kappa B and interleukin-6 in the shift from docetaxel-naive castration-resistant prostate cancer to docetaxel-resistance in patients and cell lines. [Prostate] Abstract

Molecular Phenotyping of Circulating Tumour Cells in Patients with Prostate Cancer: Prediction of Distant Metastases
Investigators aimed to find the molecular phenotype in circulating cancer cells from patients with prostate cancer in order to predict distant metastases. They also aimed to determine genes affecting the study endpoints of overall survival and time to progression. [BJU Int] Abstract

Prolonged Androgen Deprivation Leads to Downregulation of Androgen Receptor and Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen in Prostate Cancer Cells
The authors described an in vitro model for assessing the effects of continuous androgen-deprivation on prostate cancer cells with respect to the expression of two prostate-specific markers: the androgen receptor and prostate-specific membrane antigen. [Int J Oncol] Abstract

CLINICAL RESEARCH

Positive Predictive Value of Prostate Biopsy Indicated by Prostate-Specific-Antigen-Based Prostate Cancer Screening: Trends Over Time in a European Randomized Trial
Scientists assessed the positive predictive value of prostate biopsy, indicated by a prostate-specific antigen threshold of ≥3.0 ng/mL, over time, in the Rotterdam section of the European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer. [BJU Int] Abstract

The Roots of Cancer: Stem Cells and the Basis for Tumor Heterogeneity
Recent studies of prostate cancer and other tumor types have revealed significant support, as well as unexpected complexities, for the application of concepts from normal stem cell biology to cancer. Analyses of putative cancer stem cells have revealed the genetically diverse nature of cancers and expanded our understanding of intratumor heterogeneity and clonal evolution. The principles that have emerged from these stem cell studies highlight the challenges to be surmounted to develop effective treatment strategies for cancer. [Bioessays] Abstract

Pro-Survival and Anti-Apoptotic Properties of Androgen Receptor Signaling by Oxidative Stress Promote Treatment Resistance in Prostate Cancer
The authors summarize the mechanisms of androgen receptor (AR) activation by oxidative stress including: AR overexpression; AR activation by AR co-regulators or intracellular signal-transduction pathways; generation of AR mutations or splice variants; and de novo androgen synthesis. [Endocr Relat Cancer] Abstract

Prostate Cancer Dream Team Gets $10 Million Grant to Tackle Advanced Disease
Armed with a new $10 million grant, a multi-center “dream team’’ of scientists, led by the University of California, San Francisco, is embarking on a groundbreaking undertaking into personalized medicine. The goal is to overcome therapeutic resistance in the disease and revolutionize treatment for patients with advanced prostate cancer. [The University of California, San Francisco] Press Release

Oxford BioMedica Announces Update on TroVax® Development Strategy
Oxford BioMedica announced that it plans to close the phase II study in the United States to assess the activity of TroVax^® in patients with progressive hormone refractory prostate cancer. TroVax^® continues to have an active phase II development program in other indications led by academic collaborators in the UK. [Oxford BioMedica plc] Press Release

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012: Sir John B. Gurdon, Shinya Yamanaka
Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has decided to award The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 jointly to John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent. [Nobel Media AB] Press Release

National Institutes of Health (United States)

Food and Drug Administration (United States)

Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (United States)

European Medicines Agency (European Union)

Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (United Kingdom)

Therapeutic Goods Administration (Australia)

NEW Stem Cells and Metabolism
November 5-6, 2012
La Jolla, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the prostate cell community.

Quality Control Operations Coordinator (STEMCELL Technologies, Inc.)

Scientific Communications & Publishing Coordinator (STEMCELL Technologies, Inc.)

Research Technologist – Research and Development (STEMCELL Technologies, Inc.)

Research Technologist – Media Development (STEMCELL Technologies, Inc.)

Product Manager – Hematopoietic (STEMCELL Technologies, Inc.)

Postdoctoral Position – Prostate Cancer Metastasis (Lund University)

Postdoctoral Position – Prostate Cancer (Sunnybrook Research Institute)

Research Associate – Quality Assurance (University of California)

Senior Postdoctoral Position – Endocrinology and Therapeutics of Prostate Cancer (Baylor College of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Position – Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer (CEA)

Postdoctoral Position – Prostate Tumor Mouse Models (Medical University of South Carolina)

Postdoctoral Position – Advanced Prostate Cancer Investigations (University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Position – Fluorescent Protein Technology/Cloning (State University of Campinas)

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