Prostate Cell News Volume 9.17 | May 11 2018

TOP STORY

A PDX/Organoid Biobank of Advanced Prostate Cancers Captures Genomic and Phenotypic Heterogeneity for Disease Modeling and Therapeutic Screening

Researchers systematically tested > 20 modifications to prostate organoid conditions. All patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models proliferated as organoids in culture. Greater than fifty percent could be continuously cultured long-term in modified conditions; however, none of the PDXs could be established long-term as organoids under previously-reported conditions. [Clin Cancer Res] Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Nuclear IGF-1R Interacts with Regulatory Regions of Chromatin to Promote RNA Polymerase II Recruitment and Gene Expression Associated with Advanced Tumor Stage

Scientists detected nuclear type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R) on JUN and FAM21 promoters in fresh prostate cancers that contained abundant nuclear IGF-1R, with evidence of correlation between nuclear IGF-1R content and JUN expression in malignant prostatic epithelium. [Cancer Res] Abstract | Full Article

p53-Dependent CD51 Expression Contributes to Characteristics of Cancer Stem Cells in Prostate Cancer

Investigators found that CD51 is a functional molecule that was able to promote the malignancy of prostate cancer through enhancing tumor initiation, metastatic potential, and chemoresistance. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Exogenous IL6 Induces mRNA Splice Variant MBD2_v2 to Promote Stemness in TP53 Wild-Type, African American PCa Cells

The authors observed that interleukin‐6 (IL6) was upregulated in the nonmalignant adjacent tissue in african american men (AAM), but in european american men IL6 expression was higher in prostate cancer (PCa) tissue. Enrichment analysis identified that genes linked to the function of TP53 were overrepresented and downregulated in PCa tissue from AAM. [Mol Oncol] Abstract | Full Article | Press Release

Matrilysin/MMP-7 Cleavage of Perlecan/HSPG2 Complexed with Semaphorin 3A Supports FAK-Mediated Stromal Invasion by Prostate Cancer Cells

Researchers demonstrated Domain IV-3 interacts with the axon guidance protein semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) on prostate cancer cells to deactivate pro-metastatic focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Knockdown of Sema3A prevented Domain IV-3-induced tumoroid formation and Sema3A was sensitive to matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) proteolysis. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Cell-Type Specific Expression of Oncogenic and Tumor Suppressive microRNAs in the Human Prostate and Prostate Cancer

MiR-1 and miR-143 are frequently reduced in human prostate cancer, while miR-141 and miR-21 are frequently elevated. Scientists found miR-1 and miR-143 expression to be predominantly stromal. Conversely, miR-141 was predominantly epithelial. miR-21 was detected in both stroma and epithelium. The levels of miR-1 and miR-143 were significantly reduced in tumor-associated stroma, but not tumor epithelium. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Cytotoxic Effect of Kalanchoe flammea and Induction of Intrinsic Mitochondrial Apoptotic Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells

The ethyl acetate extract of Kalanchoe flammea induced apoptosis by the intrinsic pathway; this mechanism of cell death was confirmed after observing that the extract produced phosphatidylserine translocation, overproduction of reactive oxygen species, release of Cytochrome C at mitochondrial level, and activation of caspase-3 and -9. [J Ethnopharmacol] Abstract

Downregulation of NDR1 Contributes to Metastasis of Prostate Cancer Cells via Activating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

The authors found a novel antimetastasis gene NDR1 by analyzing gene expression between circulating tumor cells and PC3. Lower NDR1 gene and protein expression were found in both prostate cancer cell lines and clinical specimens. Besides, NDR1 function acting as metastasis inhibitor was discovered both in vitro and in vivo. [Cancer Med] Full Article

Apolipoprotein C1 Promotes Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation In Vitro

Researchers investigated the carcinogenic effects of apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) in prostate cancer (PCa). APOC1 expression was much higher in PCa tissues than in normal tissues. APOC1 silencing inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, arrested cell cycle progression, and enhanced apoptosis in DU145 cells. [J Biochem Mol Toxicol] Full Article

Lobaplatin Inhibits Prostate Cancer Progression in Part by Impairing AR and ERG Signal

Scientists investigated the role of lobaplatin on prostate cancer progression and the underlying molecular mechanism. They treated a variety of prostate cancer cell lines with different doses of lobaplatin and examined cell cycle progression, cell apoptosis, cell proliferation and cell migration. [Fundam Clin Pharmacol] Abstract

Personalization of Prostate Cancer Therapy through Phosphoproteomics

Personalized phosphoproteomics, which enables the analysis of signaling networks in individual tumors, is a promising approach to advance personalized therapy by discovering biomarkers of pathway activity and clinically actionable targets. Several technologies for global and targeted phosphoproteomic analysis exist, each with its own strengths and shortcomings. [Nat Rev Urol] Abstract

eIF4E Phosphorylation in Prostate Cancer

The authors describe the role of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) in mRNA translation initiation mediated by its binding to the methylated 5′ terminal structure (m7G-cap) of many mRNAs, and the ability of many tumor cells to bypass this mechanism. [Neoplasia] Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the prostate cell research field.

GenomeDx Biosciences’ Genomic Data Featured

GenomeDx Biosciences, announced that it will present results from seven studies featuring its Decipher^® Prostate and Bladder Cancer Classifier Tests and Decipher Genomics Resource Information Database. [Press release from GenomeDx discussing research to be presented at the American Urology Association (AUA) 2018 Annual Meeting, San Francisco] Press Release

GenomeDx Biosciences Announces Research Collaboration with Janssen Pharmaceuticals to Evaluate the Decipher^® Classifier and Decipher GRID^® for Drug Development

GenomeDx Biosciences, announced a research collaboration with Janssen Pharmaceuticals. As part of the agreement, GenomeDx will test samples using its genome-wide expression assay from multiple Janssen prostate cancer clinical trials to examine the association of prognostic and predictive signatures available on the Decipher GRID^® platform with clinical outcomes. [GenomeDx] Press Release

Rosalind Franklin University Breaks Ground on New Science Park

The research park, which will be built on the university’s campus in Lake County, home to the largest concentration of bioscience companies in the Midwest, will offer a collaborative environment for academic and industry scientists, innovators and entrepreneurs, with the goal of accelerating Rosalind Franklin University’s nationally recognized research into treatment and prevention of disease. [Rosalind Franklin University] Press Release

FDA Seeks Permanent Injunctions against Two Stem Cell Clinics

The FDA, in two complaints filed in federal court, is seeking permanent injunctions to stop two stem cell clinics from marketing stem cell products without FDA approval and for significant deviations from current good manufacturing practice requirements. [U.S. Food and Drug Administration] Press Release

Hungarian Scientists Are on Edge As Country Is Poised to Force Out Top University

In early April, several days after Viktor Orbán secured his third consecutive term—and fourth overall—as Hungarian prime minister with a landslide victory for his conservative party, the pro-government paper Figyelő; published a list of more than 200 people it called “mercenaries” of George Soros, the American-Hungarian billionaire philanthropist. The list included investigative journalists and human rights advocates—and 30 academics from the Soros-founded, Budapest-based Central European University. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Release of Three Americans by North Korea Bolsters Hopes for Academic Diplomacy

The release of three Americans by North Korea is being welcomed in the United States. Leaders of the Pyongyang University of Science and Technology in North Korea also see the move as good news, and are hoping it might ultimately lead to the end of a travel ban that has prevented its U.S. instructors from teaching classes. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Harassment Should Count as Scientific Misconduct

Research culture and policies are quick to denounce plagiarism, data fabrication and mismanagement of funds, yet we have too long ignored the mistreatment of people. Science is a social endeavor; ignoring harassment perpetuates a culture in which people who experience or witness hostile behaviors are afraid to speak up, cannot do their best work, or leave science altogether. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW LabRoots: 6^th Annual Cancer Research & Oncology Virtual Event
October 10-11, 2018
Online

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Position – Drug Discovery for Advance Prostate Cancer (Lerner Research Institute – Cleveland Clinic)

NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Computational Genomics of Cancer (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

NEW Research Associate – Computational Biology (University College London)

Academic Position – Cancer Research (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center)

Tenure-Track Faculty Position – Cancer Research (University of Ottawa)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Prostate Cancer (Moffitt Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Prostate Cancer Epigenomics (Northwestern University)

Postdoctoral Fellows – Molecular and Translational Cancer Biology (Thomas Jefferson University)

Postdoctoral Position – Prostate Cancer (Northwestern University)

Postdoctoral Associate – Prostate Research (Baylor College of Medicine)

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